Bonde-Petersen F
ESA Medical Support Section, European Astronauts Centre, Cologne, Germany.
Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1994;616:99-102.
The demands for accumulation of knowledge about the human adaptation to weightlessness of long duration and the implications for the health and well-being of the astronaut have become increasingly important also for the international space programmes which are under development. The health care during long duration space-flights starts already with the selection where professional, psychological and medical criteria are considered. Space flights in low earth orbit have not been extended beyond 1 year, so the predictable value for long term space flights is limited, because e.g. Mission to Mars will last from 1.5 to 3 years, depending on the position of the planets, the space vehicle etc. The long duration and the enormous distance covered will induce very special and until now unknown effects on the human psychology which might be seen as the one single major factor which might be prohibitive for such long duration flights. The Moon base will bring further knowledge useful for long duration space flights in the field of medical care in general, but also with regard to the development of countermeasures against the adverse effects of weightlessness on the human body. The Moon's gravitational field of 0.16 G makes it possible to study this as a threshold in the adaptation processes.
对于正在发展的国际太空计划而言，积累有关人类对长期失重的适应情况以及对宇航员健康和福祉影响的知识需求也变得越来越重要。长期太空飞行期间的医疗保健从选拔阶段就开始了，选拔时要考虑专业、心理和医学标准。低地球轨道的太空飞行尚未超过1年，因此长期太空飞行的可预测价值有限，因为例如火星任务将持续1.5至3年，这取决于行星的位置、航天器等。长时间和巨大的飞行距离将对人类心理产生非常特殊且迄今未知的影响，这可能被视为此类长时间飞行的一个主要限制因素。月球基地将在总体医疗保健领域，以及在开发应对失重对人体不利影响的对策方面，带来对长期太空飞行有用的更多知识。月球0.16G的引力场使得将其作为适应过程中的一个阈值来进行研究成为可能。
