Eston R, Evans R, Fu F
Department of Movement Science and Physical Education, University of Liverpool, UK.
Br J Sports Med. 1994 Mar;28(1):9-13. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.28.1.9.
It has been shown that ultrasonographic measurements can be used to predict body composition in adults. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between ultrasonograph and caliper (SKF) measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness in athletic Caucasian (English, E) and Asian (Chinese, C) men against estimates of body composition determined from hydrodensitometry (HYD). The usefulness of a proposed ultrasonographic method of estimating lean and fat proportions in the upper and lower limbs was also evaluated as a potential method of predicting body composition. Ultrasonography (US) was used to measure adipose and skin thickness at the following sites: biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal, pectoral, thigh and calf. Caliper measurements were also made at the above sites. Subcutaneous fat thickness and segmental radius were measured directly from the display screen of the ultrasonic scanner (Aloka 500 SD). By applying the geometry of a cone, the proximal and distal radii of the upper arm and upper leg were used to calculate the proportionate volumes of adipose tissue. The best correlations for US and SKF were obtained at the quadriceps, subscapular and pectoral sites for E (r = 0.96, 0.93 and 0.90, respectively) and at the quadriceps, calf and abdominal sites for C (r = 0.90, 0.81 and 0.75, respectively). The best ultrasonographic predictor of the percentage fat in both groups was the percentage adipose tissue volume in the upper leg (r = 0.83 and 0.79 for C and E, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the prediction of percentage fat was improved by the addition of the ultrasonographic abdomen measurement in both groups: Chinese sample: %fat = %fat(leg) (0.491) + US abdomen (0.337) + 0.95 ( R = 0.89, s.e.e. = 1.9%); English sample: %fat = %fat(leg) (0.435) + US abdomen (0.230) - 0.765 ( R = 0.80, s.e.e. = 3.6%). It is concluded that ultrasonographic measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue and volumetric assessment of percentage adipose tissue in the thigh are useful estimates of body composition in athletic English and Chinese males.
研究表明，超声测量可用于预测成年人的身体成分。本研究的目的是评估在白种（英国，E）和亚洲（中国，C）男性运动员中，超声测量与皮褶厚度计（SKF）测量的皮下脂肪组织厚度之间的关系，与根据水下密度测定法（HYD）确定的身体成分估计值进行对比。还评估了一种提议的超声方法用于估计上肢和下肢的瘦体重和脂肪比例作为预测身体成分的潜在方法的有效性。超声检查（US）用于测量以下部位的脂肪和皮肤厚度：肱二头肌、肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂嵴上、腹部、胸部、大腿和小腿。也在上述部位进行皮褶厚度计测量。皮下脂肪厚度和节段半径直接从超声扫描仪（Aloka 500 SD）的显示屏上测量。通过应用圆锥的几何形状，上臂和大腿的近端和远端半径用于计算脂肪组织的相应体积。对于E组，超声检查和SKF在股四头肌、肩胛下和胸部部位的相关性最佳（分别为r = 0.96、0.93和0.90）；对于C组，在股四头肌、小腿和腹部部位的相关性最佳（分别为r = 0.90、0.81和0.75）。两组中脂肪百分比的最佳超声预测指标是大腿中脂肪组织体积百分比（C组和E组分别为r = 0.83和0.79）。逐步多元回归分析表明，两组中加入超声腹部测量后脂肪百分比的预测得到改善：中国样本：%脂肪 = %脂肪（腿部）（0.491）+超声腹部（0.337）+ 0.95（R = 0.89，标准误 = 1.9%）；英国样本：%脂肪 = %脂肪（腿部）（0.435）+超声腹部（0.230） - 0.765（R = 0.80，标准误 = 3.6%）。结论是，皮下脂肪组织的超声测量和大腿中脂肪组织体积百分比的体积评估是白种和中国男性运动员身体成分的有用估计指标。
