Marahrens Y, Stillman B
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY 11724.
EMBO J. 1994 Jul 15;13(14):3395-400. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06642.x.
Replicators are genetic elements that control initiation at an origin of DNA replication (ori). They were first identified in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) that confer on a plasmid the ability to replicate in the S phase of the cell cycle. The DNA sequences required for ARS function on a plasmid have been defined, but because many sequences that participate in ARS activity are not components of chromosomal replicators, a mutational analysis of the ARS1 replicator located on chromosome IV of S. cerevisiae was performed. The results of this analysis indicate that four DNA elements (A, B1, B2 and B3) are either essential or important for ori activation in the chromosome. In a yeast strain containing two closely spaced and identical copies of the ARS1 replicator in the chromosome, only one is active. The mechanism of replicator repression requires the essential A element of the active replicator. This element is the binding site for the origin recognition complex (ORC), a putative initiator protein. The process that determines which replicator is used, however, depends entirely upon flanking DNA sequences.
复制子是控制DNA复制起点（ori）起始的遗传元件。它们最初在酿酒酵母中被鉴定为自主复制序列（ARSs），这些序列赋予质粒在细胞周期S期进行复制的能力。已经确定了质粒上ARS功能所需的DNA序列，但由于许多参与ARS活性的序列不是染色体复制子的组成部分，因此对位于酿酒酵母IV号染色体上的ARS1复制子进行了突变分析。该分析结果表明，四个DNA元件（A、B1、B2和B3）对于染色体上ori的激活是必不可少的或很重要的。在染色体中含有两个紧密间隔且相同的ARS1复制子拷贝的酵母菌株中，只有一个是活跃的。复制子抑制机制需要活跃复制子的必需A元件。该元件是起始识别复合物（ORC）的结合位点，ORC是一种假定的起始蛋白。然而，决定使用哪个复制子的过程完全取决于侧翼DNA序列。
