Levenson R W, Carstensen L L, Gottman J M
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994 Jul;67(1):56-68. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.67.1.56.
Self-reported affect and autonomic and somatic physiology were studied during three 15-min conversations (events of the day, problem area, pleasant topic) in a sample of 151 couples in long-term marriages. Couples differed in age (40-50 or 60-70) and marital satisfaction (satisfied or dissatisfied). Marital interaction in older couples was associated with more affective positivity and lower physiological arousal (even when controlling for affective differences) than in middle-age couples. As has previously been found with younger couples, marital dissatisfaction was associated with less positive affect, greater negative affect, and greater negative affect reciprocity. In terms of the relation between physiological arousal and affective experience, husbands reported feeling more negative the more they were physiologically aroused; for wives, affect and arousal were not correlated. These findings are related to theories of socioemotional change with age and of gender differences in marital behavior and health.
在一项针对151对处于长期婚姻关系的夫妻样本的研究中，研究人员在三段15分钟的对话（当日事件、问题领域、愉快话题）期间，对自我报告的情感以及自主神经和躯体生理状况进行了研究。夫妻在年龄（40 - 50岁或60 - 70岁）和婚姻满意度（满意或不满意）方面存在差异。与中年夫妻相比，老年夫妻的婚姻互动与更多的情感积极性和更低的生理唤醒水平相关（即使在控制情感差异之后）。正如之前在年轻夫妻中所发现的那样，婚姻不满意与较少的积极情感、较多的消极情感以及较大的消极情感互惠性相关。就生理唤醒与情感体验之间的关系而言，丈夫报告说，他们生理唤醒程度越高，感觉越消极；而对于妻子来说，情感与唤醒之间没有相关性。这些发现与社会情感随年龄变化的理论以及婚姻行为和健康方面的性别差异理论相关。
