Malmberg E, Birkhed D, Norvenius G, Norén J G, Dahlén G
Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
Acta Odontol Scand. 1994 Apr;52(2):93-8. doi: 10.3109/00016359409029061.
The microflora on 44 toothbrushes at 4 day-care centers in the city of Göteborg have been investigated as a presumptive risk factor for transmission of microorganisms by children. Non-supervised toothbrushing without the use of toothpaste was performed at the day-care centers twice a day. Streptococci, predominantly S. salivarius, S. sanguis, and S. mitis, were the most frequently recorded group of microorganisms and generally constituted the greatest part of the flora (on average, 50%). Beta-hemolytic streptococci were not found in any sample. Haemophilus species were noted in 82% of the samples. H. parainfluenzae being the most frequent, and H. influenzae being identified in only one sample. Anaerobes constituted on average a third of the microflora. Staphylococci were identified in 86% of the samples, S. epidermidis dominating. Fungi including molds were found in 50% of the samples, and from one day-care center large numbers of enteric organisms were identified. Thus this study shows that unsupervised toothbrushing at day-care centers can be questioned, more from a general hygienic point of view than from the risk of transmitting serious pathogens.
哥德堡市4家日托中心的44支牙刷上的微生物群落作为儿童传播微生物的假定风险因素进行了调查。日托中心每天进行两次不使用牙膏的无监督刷牙。链球菌，主要是唾液链球菌、血链球菌和缓症链球菌，是最常记录的微生物组，通常构成菌群的最大部分（平均50%）。任何样本中均未发现β-溶血性链球菌。82%的样本中发现了嗜血杆菌属。副流感嗜血杆菌最为常见，仅在一个样本中鉴定出流感嗜血杆菌。厌氧菌平均占微生物群落的三分之一。86%的样本中鉴定出葡萄球菌，以表皮葡萄球菌为主。50%的样本中发现了包括霉菌在内的真菌，并且在一个日托中心鉴定出大量肠道生物。因此，这项研究表明，从一般卫生角度而非传播严重病原体的风险角度来看，日托中心的无监督刷牙可能存在问题。
