Sjödin A M, Andersson A B, Högberg J M, Westerterp K R
PhysTest Scandinavia AB, Uppsala, Sweden.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994 Jun;26(6):720-4. doi: 10.1249/00005768-199406000-00011.
Energy intake covering energy expenditure is essential for performance as well as for health aspects in endurance athletes. This study was performed to determine the energy needs for elite cross country skiers during a week of training and to demonstrate whether energy balance could be maintained. Energy intake was calculated from weighed dietary records and doubly labeled water was used to simultaneously measure energy turnover. Average daily energy intake ranged from 15.7 to 20.4 MJ.d-1 in the females and from 25.7 to 36.0 MJ.d-1 in the males. This correlated well with the data for average daily energy turnover (r = 0.96; P = 0.0001) that ranged from 15.1 to 20.2 MJ.d-1 and from 25.4 to 34.9 MJ.d-1, in females and males, respectively. The mean difference being 0.1 (+/- 1.9) MJ.d-1. The close match between energy intake and energy expenditure has not previously been shown in athletes at these high levels of energy turnover. However, if energy intake over separate 24-h periods was compared with corresponding data for training, no significant relationship was found. This indicates that the athletes were not in energy balance during shorter periods. Furthermore, the validity of theoretical calculations of energy turnover, in highly trained subjects, derived from multiples of estimated BMR, is questioned.
对于耐力运动员而言，能量摄入满足能量消耗对于其运动表现和健康状况都至关重要。本研究旨在确定精英越野滑雪运动员在一周训练期间的能量需求，并证明是否能够维持能量平衡。通过称重饮食记录计算能量摄入，并使用双标水同时测量能量代谢率。女性的平均每日能量摄入量在15.7至20.4兆焦耳/天之间，男性在25.7至36.0兆焦耳/天之间。这与平均每日能量代谢率的数据高度相关（r = 0.96；P = 0.0001），女性的平均每日能量代谢率在15.1至20.2兆焦耳/天之间，男性在25.4至34.9兆焦耳/天之间。平均差异为0.1（±1.9）兆焦耳/天。此前尚未在能量代谢率处于这些高水平的运动员中发现能量摄入与能量消耗之间如此紧密的匹配关系。然而，如果将单独24小时期间的能量摄入与相应的训练数据进行比较，则未发现显著关系。这表明运动员在较短时间段内并非处于能量平衡状态。此外，对于训练有素的受试者，基于估计基础代谢率倍数得出的能量代谢理论计算的有效性也受到质疑。
