Reddy S, Sanders T A, Obeid O
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College London, UK.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1994 May;48(5):358-68.
To evaluate whether a maternal vegetarian diet influences the essential fatty acid status of the newborn and whether this is related to outcome of pregnancy.
Dietary intake and the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids were determined in 24 South Asian vegetarian and 24 white omnivore non-pregnant premenopausal women randomly selected from the general population of North London. Umbilical cords and cord blood were collected at delivery from 48 South Asian vegetarian women and 98 white omnivores from the same catchment area along with details of antenatal history and the outcome of pregnancy. The fatty acid composition of the cord arteries and that of cord plasma phospholipids were analysed in a subset of 32 pairs of subjects, who were matched for maternal age, gestational age, parity and sex of infant.
Intakes of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) expressed as proportion of the dietary energy and the ratio of linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) were higher in the vegetarian women, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) were absent from their diets. The proportion of linoleic acid, as well as the absolute concentration, was greater and those of EPA and DHA were lower in plasma phospholipids, plasma free fatty acid and total plasma lipids of the vegetarians compared with the white subjects. The proportion of DHA was lower (P > 0.001) but that of docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) was greater (P < 0.001) in cord those from the omnivores. The ratio of 20:3n-9/20:4n-6 was elevated in cord artery but not in cord plasma phospholipids in both groups. Early onset of labour and the duration of gestation was 5.6 days shorter. Birth weight, head circumference and length were lower in the infants born to South Asian vegetarians even after adjusting for maternal height, duration of gestation, parity, gender of infants and smoking habits. Multivariate analysis did not reveal any relationship between the proportions of DHA in plasma or cord artery phospholipids and the birthweight or head circumference of the infants.
This study demonstrates that vegetarians give birth to infants with less DHA in their plasma and cord artery phospholipids but this did not appear to be independently related to the outcome of pregnancy.
评估母亲的素食饮食是否会影响新生儿的必需脂肪酸状况，以及这是否与妊娠结局相关。
从伦敦北部普通人群中随机选取24名南亚素食和24名白人杂食非孕绝经前女性，测定其饮食摄入量和血浆磷脂的脂肪酸组成。在分娩时，收集了来自同一集水区的48名南亚素食女性和98名白人杂食者的脐带和脐血，以及产前病史和妊娠结局的详细信息。在32对按母亲年龄、孕周、产次和婴儿性别匹配的受试者中，分析了脐动脉和脐血浆磷脂的脂肪酸组成。
素食女性饮食中以膳食能量比例表示的亚油酸（18:2n-6）摄入量以及亚油酸与α-亚麻酸（18:3n-3）的比例较高，其饮食中缺乏二十碳五烯酸（EPA，20:5n-3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22:6n-3）。与白人受试者相比，素食者血浆磷脂、血浆游离脂肪酸和总血浆脂质中亚油酸的比例以及绝对浓度更高，而EPA和DHA的比例更低。杂食者脐带中DHA的比例较低（P>0.001），但二十二碳五烯酸（22:5n-6）的比例较高（P<0.001）。两组脐动脉中20:3n-9/20:4n-6的比例均升高，但脐血浆磷脂中未升高。早产的发生时间和妊娠期短5.6天。即使在调整了母亲身高、妊娠期、产次、婴儿性别和吸烟习惯后，南亚素食者所生婴儿的出生体重、头围和身长仍较低。多变量分析未发现血浆或脐动脉磷脂中DHA比例与婴儿出生体重或头围之间存在任何关系。
本研究表明，素食者所生婴儿血浆和脐动脉磷脂中的DHA含量较低，但这似乎与妊娠结局没有独立关联。
