Cutaneous expressions of antiphospholipid syndromes.

The cutaneous clinical signs of antiphospholipid syndromes are expressed as stagnation of blood flow as livedo reticularis, purplish erythematous macules of acral areas, or end result of thrombosis as ulcers and necrosis (Fig. 6) (Table 1). Corresponding histological signs are reflected as thrombosis of dermal blood vessels (Fig. 7).