Wakita H, Tomimoto H, Akiguchi I, Kimura J
Department of Neurology, Kyoto University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
Acta Neuropathol. 1994;87(5):484-92. doi: 10.1007/BF00294175.
Activation of glial cells and white matter changes (rarefaction of the white matter) induced in the rat brain by permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries were immunohistochemically investigated up to 90 days. One day after ligation of the arteries, expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen in microglia increased in the white matter including the optic nerve, optic tract, corpus callosum, internal capsule, anterior commissure and traversing fiber bundles of the caudoputamen. After 3 days of occlusion, MHC class I antigen was still elevated and in addition MHC class II antigen and leukocyte common antigen were up-regulated in the microglia in these same regions. Astroglia, labeled with glial fibrillary acidic protein, increased in number in these regions after 7 days of occlusion. A few lymphocytes, labeled with CD4 or CD8 antibodies, were scattered in the neural parenchyma 1 h after occlusion. Activation of glial cells and infiltration of lymphocytes persisted after 90 days of occlusion in the white matter and the retinofugal pathway. However, cellular activation and infiltration in microinfarcts of the gray matter was less extensive and was substantially diminished 30 days after occlusion. The white matter changes were most intense in the optic nerve and optic tract, moderate in the medial part of the corpus callosum, internal capsule and anterior commissure, and slight in the fiber bundles of the caudoputamen. These results indicated that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced glial activation preferentially in the white matter. This activation seemed to be an early indicator of the subsequent changes in the white matter.
通过永久性双侧颈总动脉闭塞诱导大鼠脑内胶质细胞激活和白质变化（白质稀疏），采用免疫组织化学方法对其进行了长达90天的研究。动脉结扎后1天，包括视神经、视束、胼胝体、内囊、前连合和尾壳核穿行纤维束在内的白质中，小胶质细胞主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）I类抗原的表达增加。闭塞3天后，MHC I类抗原仍升高，此外，这些相同区域的小胶质细胞中MHC II类抗原和白细胞共同抗原上调。用胶质纤维酸性蛋白标记的星形胶质细胞在闭塞7天后在这些区域数量增加。闭塞1小时后，少数用CD4或CD8抗体标记的淋巴细胞散在于神经实质中。闭塞90天后，白质和视网膜神经通路中胶质细胞的激活和淋巴细胞浸润持续存在。然而，灰质微梗死中的细胞激活和浸润程度较轻，闭塞30天后明显减轻。白质变化在视神经和视束中最为明显，在胼胝体、内囊和前连合的内侧部分中等程度，在尾壳核的纤维束中轻微。这些结果表明，慢性脑灌注不足优先诱导白质中的胶质细胞激活。这种激活似乎是白质后续变化的早期指标。
