Judge J O, Whipple R H, Wolfson L I
Travelers Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030-5215.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994 Sep;42(9):937-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06584.x.
To determine the safety and efficacy of 3 months of resistive training of multiple lower extremity muscle groups compared with balance training in persons over 75 years.
Randomized 3-month clinical trial. Subjects (n = 110, mean age 80) were randomized to 4 groups in a 2 x 2 design (control, resistive, balance, combined resistive/balance).
Resistive training involved knee extension and flexion, hip abduction and extension, and plantar and dorsiflexion using simple resistive machines and sandbags. Balance training consisted of exercises to improve postural control. The control group attended 5 health-related discussion sessions.
Summed isokinetic moments (N m) of 8 leg movements: hip, knee and ankle flexion/extension, and hip abduction/adduction. Secondary outcomes were gait velocity and chair rise time.
Summed peak moment increased in both resistive exercise-trained groups (13% increase in the resistive group and 21% in the combined training group, P < 0.001). The effect of resistance training was significant (MANOVA F = 21.1, P < 0.001), but balance training did not improve strength, and there was no interaction (positive or negative) between balance and resistive training. Maximal gait velocity and chair rise time did not improve. Eleven subjects (20%) had musculoskeletal complaints related to resistive training, but all were able to complete the program with modifications.
Resistive training using simple equipment is an effective and acceptable method to increase overall leg strength in older persons. Resistive or balance training did not improve maximal gait velocity or chair rise time in this sample of relatively healthy older persons.
确定75岁以上人群中，对多组下肢肌肉进行3个月抗阻训练相较于平衡训练的安全性和有效性。
为期3个月的随机临床试验。受试者（n = 110，平均年龄80岁）按2×2设计随机分为4组（对照组、抗阻训练组、平衡训练组、抗阻/平衡联合训练组）。
抗阻训练包括使用简单的抗阻器械和沙袋进行膝关节屈伸、髋关节外展和伸展以及跖屈和背屈。平衡训练包括改善姿势控制的练习。对照组参加5次与健康相关的讨论会。
8种腿部动作的等速力矩总和（牛顿·米）：髋、膝和踝关节屈伸，以及髋关节内收/外展。次要指标为步速和从椅子上起身的时间。
两个抗阻训练组的峰值力矩总和均增加（抗阻训练组增加13%，联合训练组增加21%，P < 0.001）。抗阻训练的效果显著（多变量方差分析F = 21.1，P < 0.001），但平衡训练并未增强力量，且平衡训练与抗阻训练之间没有交互作用（正向或负向）。最大步速和从椅子上起身的时间没有改善。11名受试者（20%）出现了与抗阻训练相关的肌肉骨骼问题，但所有人经调整后都能够完成训练计划。
使用简单器械进行抗阻训练是增强老年人腿部整体力量的有效且可接受的方法。在这个相对健康的老年人群样本中，抗阻训练或平衡训练并未改善最大步速或从椅子上起身的时间。
