Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
School of Health Sciences, Human Services and Nursing, Lehman College, Bronx, USA.
Sports Med. 2020 Nov;50(11):1983-1999. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01331-7.
Effects of resistance training on muscle strength and hypertrophy are well established in adults and younger elderly. However, less is currently known about these effects in the very elderly (i.e., 75 years of age and older).
To examine the effects of resistance training on muscle size and strength in very elderly individuals.
Randomized controlled studies that explored the effects of resistance training in very elderly on muscle strength, handgrip strength, whole-muscle hypertrophy, and/or muscle fiber hypertrophy were included in the review. Meta-analyses of effect sizes (ESs) were used to analyze the data.
Twenty-two studies were included in the review. The meta-analysis found a significant effect of resistance training on muscle strength in the very elderly [difference in ES = 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50, 1.44; p = 0.001]. In a subgroup analysis that included only the oldest-old participants (80 + years of age), there was a significant effect of resistance training on muscle strength (difference in ES = 1.28; 95% CI 0.28, 2.29; p = 0.020). For handgrip strength, we found no significant difference between resistance training and control groups (difference in ES = 0.26; 95% CI - 0.02, 0.54; p = 0.064). For whole-muscle hypertrophy, there was a significant effect of resistance training in the very elderly (difference in ES = 0 30; 95% CI 0.10, 0.50; p = 0.013). We found no significant difference in muscle fiber hypertrophy between resistance training and control groups (difference in ES = 0.33; 95% CI - 0.67, 1.33; p = 0.266). There were minimal reports of adverse events associated with the training programs in the included studies.
We found that very elderly can increase muscle strength and muscle size by participating in resistance training programs. Resistance training was found to be an effective way to improve muscle strength even among the oldest-old.
抗阻训练对成年人和较年轻老年人的肌肉力量和肥大的影响已得到充分证实。然而，目前对于非常老年人（即 75 岁及以上）的这些影响知之甚少。
研究抗阻训练对非常老年人肌肉大小和力量的影响。
综述纳入了探索非常老年人抗阻训练对肌肉力量、手握力、整块肌肉肥大和/或肌肉纤维肥大影响的随机对照研究。使用效应量（ES）的荟萃分析来分析数据。
综述纳入了 22 项研究。荟萃分析发现，抗阻训练对非常老年人的肌肉力量有显著影响[ES 差值为 0.97；95%置信区间（CI）为 0.50，1.44；p=0.001]。在仅包括最老年参与者（80 岁及以上）的亚组分析中，抗阻训练对肌肉力量有显著影响[ES 差值为 1.28；95%CI 为 0.28，2.29；p=0.020]。对于手握力，我们未发现抗阻训练组与对照组之间存在显著差异[ES 差值为 0.26；95%CI 为 -0.02，0.54；p=0.064]。对于整块肌肉肥大，非常老年人的抗阻训练有显著效果[ES 差值为 0.30；95%CI 为 0.10，0.50；p=0.013]。我们未发现抗阻训练组与对照组之间的肌肉纤维肥大有显著差异[ES 差值为 0.33；95%CI 为 -0.67，1.33；p=0.266]。纳入研究中，关于与训练方案相关的不良事件的报告很少。
我们发现，非常老年人可以通过参加抗阻训练计划来增加肌肉力量和肌肉大小。即使是最年长的老年人，抗阻训练也是一种增强肌肉力量的有效方法。
