Wolfson L, Whipple R, Derby C, Judge J, King M, Amerman P, Schmidt J, Smyers D
Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 May;44(5):498-506. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb01433.x.
To determine the effect on balance and strength of 3 months of intensive balance and/or weight training followed by 6 months of low intensity Tai Chi training for maintenance of gains.
Randomized control intervention. Four groups in 2 x 2 design: Control, Balance, Strength, Balance + Strength, using blinded testers.
Exercise and balance laboratory at University of Connecticut Health Center.
Subjects were 110 healthy community dwellers (mean age 80) who were free of dementia, neurological disease, and serious cardiovascular or musculoskeletal conditions.
Short-term training (3 months) occurred 3 times/week (45 minutes Balance and Strength, 90 minutes Balance + Strength). Balance training included equilibrium control exercises of firm and foam surfaces and center-of-pressure biofeedback. Strengthening consisted of lower extremity weight-lifting. All subjects than received long-term group Tai Chi instruction (6 months, 1 hour, 1 time/week).
Losses of balance during Sensory Organization Testing (LOB), single stance time (SST), voluntary limits of stability (FBOS), summed isokinetic torque of eight lower extremity movements (ISOK), and usual gait velocity (GVU).
Balance training meaningfully improved all balance measures by restoring performance to a level analogous to an individual 3 to 10 years younger: LOB = -2.0 +/- 0.3 (adjusted paired differences, P < .005 ANOVA); SST = 7.0 +/- 1.2 sec; and FBOS = 9.0 +/- 2.0% of foot length (P < .05). Strengthening increased ISOK by 1.1 +/- 0.1 Nm kg-1 (P < .005). There was no interaction between balance and strength training. Significant gains persisted after 6 months of Tai Chi, although there was some decrement.
确定为期3个月的强化平衡和/或重量训练，随后进行6个月的低强度太极拳训练以维持训练成果，对平衡能力和力量的影响。
随机对照干预。采用2×2设计分为四组：对照组、平衡训练组、力量训练组、平衡+力量训练组，测试人员采用盲法。
康涅狄格大学健康中心的运动与平衡实验室。
110名健康的社区居民（平均年龄80岁），无痴呆、神经系统疾病以及严重的心血管或肌肉骨骼疾病。
短期训练（3个月）每周进行3次（45分钟平衡训练和力量训练，90分钟平衡+力量训练）。平衡训练包括在坚实和泡沫表面的平衡控制练习以及压力中心生物反馈。力量训练包括下肢举重。所有受试者随后接受长期的集体太极拳指导（6个月，每周1次，每次1小时）。
感觉组织测试中的平衡丧失（LOB）、单腿站立时间（SST）、稳定性自愿极限（FBOS）、八个下肢动作的等速扭矩总和（ISOK）以及日常步态速度（GVU）。
平衡训练通过将表现恢复到类似于年轻3至10岁个体的水平，显著改善了所有平衡指标：LOB=-2.0±0.3（调整后的配对差异，方差分析P<.005）；SST=7.0±1.2秒；FBOS=足长的9.0±2.0%（P<.05）。力量训练使ISOK增加了1.1±0.1 Nm kg-1（P<.005）。平衡训练和力量训练之间没有交互作用。太极拳训练6个月后，尽管有一些下降，但仍保持了显著的训练成果。
