Brown K H
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis.
J Nutr. 1994 Aug;124(8 Suppl):1455S-1460S. doi: 10.1093/jn/124.suppl_8.1455S.
Contemporary issues in the dietary management of children with acute diarrhea include the optimal timing of introduction of foods during illness, the appropriate use of milk-containing treatment regimens and mixed diets containing common staple foods, and the proper use of specific micronutrient supplements. Results of recent clinical trials indicate that children should be fed continuously during illness with their usual diets. Most young children fed exclusively with non-human milks can continue to consume these products. However, the subgroup of patients with more severe diarrhea and dehydration may have a slightly increased rate of complications and would, therefore, benefit from close supervision or a modification of their diet. Breastfed infants should continue to nurse at the breast during diarrhea. Treatment of anorexia consists of correction of the underlying metabolic derangements and antimicrobial therapy when indicated. Despite the previous focus of dietary management during diarrhea, attention to convalescent feeding is also necessary to assure complete nutritional recovery following illness.
儿童急性腹泻饮食管理的当代问题包括疾病期间引入食物的最佳时机、含牛奶治疗方案和含常见主食混合饮食的适当使用，以及特定微量营养素补充剂的正确使用。近期临床试验结果表明，患病期间儿童应继续按其平常饮食持续喂养。大多数仅以非母乳奶类喂养的幼儿可继续食用这些产品。然而，腹泻和脱水较严重的亚组患者并发症发生率可能略有增加，因此，密切监测或调整饮食对他们有益。腹泻期间，母乳喂养的婴儿应继续母乳喂养。厌食的治疗包括纠正潜在的代谢紊乱，并在有指征时进行抗菌治疗。尽管以往腹泻期间饮食管理是重点，但关注恢复期喂养对于确保患病后完全恢复营养也很有必要。
