McMichael A J, Baghurst P A, Vimpani G V, Wigg N R, Robertson E F, Tong S
Department of Community Medicine, Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia.
Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Sep 15;140(6):489-99. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117275.
The relation between lead concentration in deciduous central upper incisor teeth and intellectual functioning was examined in 262 children who were followed from birth to age 7 years in the lead smelter town of Port Pirie, South Australia, and its environs. Intellectual functioning of the children was assessed over the 3-year period from 1986 to 1989 with the revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) while each child was in his or her eighth year. There was an inverse relation between tooth lead concentration and intellectual development; the intelligence quotient declined by 2.6 points (90% confidence interval (CI) 0.13-4.9) for each natural-log unit increase in tooth lead concentration, expressed in parts per million. Some WISC-R subscales were more strongly associated with lead exposure than others. In particular, tooth lead was significantly negatively associated with scores for the "Block Design" test (partial regression coefficient -1.25 points per unit of natural-log tooth lead; 90% CI -0.61 to -1.89). No statistically significant interaction between a child's sex and tooth lead concentration was found for any of the WISC-R scales. These findings are in agreement with previously published results from this cohort for which serial blood lead concentrations were used to estimate lifetime lead burden.
在南澳大利亚皮里港的铅冶炼镇及其周边地区，对262名从出生到7岁的儿童进行了研究，以考察乳牙上颌中切牙中的铅浓度与智力发育之间的关系。1986年至1989年的3年期间，当每个孩子8岁时，使用修订后的韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC-R）对他们的智力发育情况进行了评估。牙齿铅浓度与智力发育之间存在负相关关系；以百万分之一表示的牙齿铅浓度每自然对数单位增加，智商下降2.6分（90%置信区间（CI）0.13 - 4.9）。一些WISC-R子量表与铅暴露的关联比其他子量表更强。特别是，牙齿铅含量与“积木设计”测试得分显著负相关（每自然对数单位牙齿铅的偏回归系数为-1.25分；90%CI -0.61至-1.89）。对于任何WISC-R量表，均未发现儿童性别与牙齿铅浓度之间存在统计学上的显著交互作用。这些发现与该队列先前发表的结果一致，在先前的研究中使用系列血铅浓度来估计终生铅负荷。
