Breslau N, Kilbey M M, Andreski P
Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, Michigan.
Addiction. 1994 Jun;89(6):743-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00960.x.
We describe the epidemiology of nicotine dependence and its association with other substance use and psychiatric disorders. Data came from a random sample of young adults, 21-30 years of age, in the Detroit, Michigan metropolitan area. The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to ascertain DSM-III-R disorders. Lifetime prevalence of nicotine dependence was 20%. Higher rates were observed in whites, persons with low education and persons who were separated or divorced. Males and females with nicotine dependence had significantly increased odds for alcohol and illicit drug disorders, major depression and one or more anxiety disorder, as compared to non-dependent smokers and non-smokers combined. Among smokers, lifetime prevalence of illicit drug disorders other than marijuana alone, major depression and any anxiety disorder were significantly higher in dependent than non-dependent people. Major depression was associated specifically with nicotine dependence, an association explained in part by neuroticism. This finding suggests that the personality trait of neuroticism might constitute a common predisposition for major depression and nicotine dependence.
我们描述了尼古丁依赖的流行病学及其与其他物质使用和精神障碍的关联。数据来自密歇根州底特律大都市地区21至30岁的年轻成年人随机样本。使用美国国立精神卫生研究所诊断访谈表来确定DSM-III-R障碍。尼古丁依赖的终生患病率为20%。在白人、低学历者以及分居或离婚者中观察到较高的患病率。与未成瘾吸烟者和非吸烟者相比，尼古丁依赖的男性和女性患酒精和非法药物障碍、重度抑郁症以及一种或多种焦虑症的几率显著增加。在吸烟者中，除单独使用大麻外的非法药物障碍、重度抑郁症和任何焦虑症的终生患病率在成瘾者中显著高于未成瘾者。重度抑郁症与尼古丁依赖密切相关，这种关联部分可由神经质来解释。这一发现表明，神经质的人格特质可能是重度抑郁症和尼古丁依赖的共同易患因素。
