Freeman M L
Gastroenterology Division, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 1994 Jul;4(3):475-99.
Delivery of safe but effective sedation can be a challenge for the endoscopist. Complications include respiratory depression, aspiration and cardiac arrhythmias, and the cardiopulmonary mortality of endoscopy may exceed that of general anesthesia. To administer sedation properly, it is necessary for endoscopists to understand the definitions and hazards of conscious versus deep sedation, the role of electronic monitoring devices such as pulse oximetry, and the pharmacology of the agonist and reversal agents used. They must develop a systematic approach to sedation in conjunction with well-trained gastrointestinal assistants and know the limitations of their abilities. These topics are reviewed in this article, and a general approach to sedation is presented.
对内镜医师来说，提供安全且有效的镇静是一项挑战。并发症包括呼吸抑制、误吸和心律失常，内镜检查的心肺死亡率可能超过全身麻醉。为了正确实施镇静，内镜医师有必要了解清醒镇静与深度镇静的定义和风险、脉搏血氧饱和度仪等电子监测设备的作用以及所用激动剂和逆转剂的药理学。他们必须与训练有素的胃肠助手一起制定系统的镇静方法，并了解自身能力的局限性。本文对这些主题进行了综述，并提出了一般的镇静方法。
