Paley M J, Tepas D I
University of Connecticut, Psychology Department, Storrs 06269.
Hum Factors. 1994 Jun;36(2):269-84. doi: 10.1177/001872089403600208.
Fatigue has often been viewed as a simple variable that is positively correlated with time on task in the workplace and is produced mainly by physical activity. However, shiftwork researchers have demonstrated time-of-day differences for variables including sleepiness and mood, thereby challenging this notion of fatigue. Using a within-subjects design, the present study advances this research by searching for differences in time-of-day interactions in firefighters' sleep length, sleepiness, and mood ratings as a function of shift. We examined reductions in sleep length associated with shiftwork and used sleepiness and mood scales to assess the effects of these reductions. Participants completed surveys throughout a complete cycle of their shift schedule. The study showed that firefighters working on a rotating 8-h shift schedule will sleep less and will report lower positive mood scores, higher negative mood scores, and greater sleepiness ratings on the night shift. Additionally, it was shown that over the course of a shift (two weeks), firefighters were unable to adapt to changes in their sleep schedule. Finally, the significant interactions that were observed challenge the historical, singular notion of fatigue.
疲劳常常被视为一个简单变量，它与在工作场所执行任务的时间呈正相关，且主要由体力活动产生。然而，轮班工作研究人员已经证明，包括嗜睡和情绪在内的变量存在昼夜差异，从而对这种疲劳观念提出了挑战。本研究采用被试内设计，通过探究消防员的睡眠时长、嗜睡程度和情绪评分在一天中的时间交互作用随班次的差异，推进了这项研究。我们研究了与轮班工作相关的睡眠时长减少情况，并使用嗜睡和情绪量表来评估这些减少所产生的影响。参与者在其轮班时间表的一个完整周期内完成了调查。研究表明，按8小时轮班制工作的消防员睡眠时间会减少，并且在夜班时会报告较低的积极情绪得分、较高的消极情绪得分以及更高的嗜睡评分。此外，研究还表明，在一个轮班周期（两周）内，消防员无法适应其睡眠时间表的变化。最后，观察到的显著交互作用对传统的单一疲劳观念提出了挑战。
