Atkins G J, Balluz I M, Glasgow G M, Mabruk M J, Natale V A, Smyth J M, Sheahan B J
Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1994 Apr;20(2):91-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1994.tb01167.x.
RNA viruses with segmented genomes were the first model used for molecular analysis of viral neuropathogenesis, since they could be analysed genetically by reassortment. Four viruses with non-segmented genomes have been used as models of neurovirulence and demyelinating disease: JHM coronavirus, Theiler's virus, Sindbis virus and Semliki Forest virus (SFV). Virus gene expression in the central nervous system of infected animals has been measured by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Cell tropism has been analysed by neural cell culture. Infectious clones have been constructed for Theiler's virus, Sindbis virus and SFV, and these allow analysis of the sequences involved in the determination of neuropathogenesis, through the construction of chimeric viruses and site-specific mutagenesis. Measles and rubella viruses have been studied in animal systems because of their importance for human disease. The importance of two recently discovered mechanisms of neuropathogenesis, antibody-induced modulation of virus multiplication, and persistence of virus in the absence of multiplication, remains to be assessed.
具有分段基因组的RNA病毒是首个用于病毒神经发病机制分子分析的模型，因为它们可以通过重配进行遗传学分析。四种具有非分段基因组的病毒已被用作神经毒力和脱髓鞘疾病的模型：JHM冠状病毒、泰勒氏病毒、辛德毕斯病毒和Semliki森林病毒（SFV）。已通过原位杂交和免疫细胞化学测量了感染动物中枢神经系统中的病毒基因表达。通过神经细胞培养分析了细胞嗜性。已构建了泰勒氏病毒、辛德毕斯病毒和SFV的感染性克隆，通过构建嵌合病毒和位点特异性诱变，这些克隆可用于分析神经发病机制确定过程中涉及的序列。由于麻疹和风疹病毒对人类疾病的重要性，已在动物系统中对其进行了研究。两种最近发现的神经发病机制，即抗体诱导的病毒增殖调节和病毒在无增殖情况下的持续存在，其重要性仍有待评估。
