Sullivan T W
Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908.
Poult Sci. 1994 Jun;73(6):879-82. doi: 10.3382/ps.0730879.
This introductory, review presentation is a prologue to four full-length symposium presentations. Estimates of the annual cost of skeletal problems in poultry and definitions of noninfectious skeletal diseases in poultry are the focus of this article. Losses due to skeletal problems in poultry are caused by an increase in mortality and the number of cull birds, increased condemnations from septicemia-toxemia, and more downgrading from the trimming of breasts and legs. Reduced feed conversion and rate of gain also occur. Estimated annual losses in the United States due to skeletal problems are $80 to $120 million in broilers, and $32 to $40 million in turkeys. Eleven skeletal problems in poultry are described, and synonyms, symptoms, and possible causes of each are presented. These diseases include long bone distortion, tibial dyschondroplasia, rickets, spondylolisthesis, degeneration of the femoral head, spraddled legs, chondrodystrophy, osteomyelitis and synovitis, Mycoplasma synoviae infection, viral arthritis, and footpad dermatitis.
本次介绍性的综述报告是四场完整专题研讨会报告的序幕。本文重点关注家禽骨骼问题的年度成本估算以及家禽非传染性骨骼疾病的定义。家禽骨骼问题造成的损失包括死亡率和淘汰禽数量增加、败血症 - 毒血症导致的更多不合格产品以及胸部和腿部修剪导致的更多降级。还会出现饲料转化率和增重率降低的情况。据估计，美国肉鸡因骨骼问题每年损失8000万至1.2亿美元，火鸡损失3200万至4000万美元。文中描述了家禽的11种骨骼问题，并介绍了每种问题的同义词、症状和可能病因。这些疾病包括长骨畸形、胫骨软骨发育不良、佝偻病、脊椎滑脱、股骨头退化、叉腿、软骨营养不良、骨髓炎和滑膜炎、滑膜支原体感染、病毒性关节炎以及脚垫皮炎。
