Pokan R, Eber B, Fruhwald F M, Brussee H, Grisold M, Klein W
Medizinischen Klinik, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 1994;144(7):121-4.
For the majority of the population, exposure to altitudes higher than 2000 m above sea level constitutes a situation of pronounced stimulation of the organism. The question comes in of the health relevance of physical activity at intermediate altitudes for the healthy subjects, but above all for people with heart problems. At first, there is an acute adaption on the cardiovascular and the respiration system as well as the system of oxygen carriage, until the chronic adaption processes of the same systems are completed. Doubtlessly, these adaption processes at intermediate altitudes and in particular training in such regions considerably improve the endurance capacity under conditions of the kind mentioned. However there is little evidence, for an absolute improvement of the maximal aerobic capacity. As a rule, the effects of adaption to higher altitudes can also be expected in patients with coronary sclerosis. But a lowered level of capacity must be taken into account in these cases. Accordingly, the medication as well as the intensity of stress should be adapted to altered conditions of this kind. Training intensity must be reduced according to altitude, and any treatment for angina, must be intensified. It may be necessary to re-determine the appropriate training intensity as well as the dosage in pharmacotherapy by ergometric methods to match the new requirements. However, when a comparison is tried to kinetotherapy under normal conditions, an immediate therapeutical effect of exposition to higher altitudes appears to be at least doubtful.
对于大多数人来说，暴露于海拔高于2000米的环境会对机体构成明显刺激。问题在于中等海拔地区的体育活动对健康受试者，尤其是对有心脏问题的人，在健康方面有何关联。首先，心血管系统、呼吸系统以及氧运输系统会出现急性适应，直到这些系统的慢性适应过程完成。毫无疑问，在中等海拔地区的这些适应过程，特别是在该地区进行训练，能在上述条件下显著提高耐力。然而，几乎没有证据表明最大有氧能力会得到绝对改善。通常，冠状动脉硬化患者也可预期出现对更高海拔的适应效果。但在这些情况下，必须考虑到能力水平的降低。因此，药物治疗以及应激强度应适应此类变化的状况。训练强度必须根据海拔高度降低，任何治疗心绞痛的措施都必须加强。可能有必要通过测力计方法重新确定适当的训练强度以及药物治疗的剂量，以满足新的要求。然而，当试图将其与正常条件下的运动疗法进行比较时，暴露于更高海拔是否会立即产生治疗效果似乎至少是值得怀疑的。
