Wolff P H, Melngailis I
Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Am J Med Genet. 1994 Jun 15;54(2):122-31. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320540207.
Two separate groups of dyslexia families were ascertained through probands attending special schools for dyslexic students. An additional control group of families was ascertained through randomly selected students attending public schools. The 3 groups were interviewed by questionnaire about the family's demographic characteristics, and about the incidence of reading and spelling disorders in all first and second order relatives. One group of dyslexia families was also examined by standardized intelligence and academic achievement tests. Developmental dyslexia was found to aggregate in families; there were 4-5 times as many affected males as females among clinically identified students attending the special schools, but the sex ratio of affected relatives after probands had been excluded was approximately 1.4 males for every female. Sibs were at greater risk for reading difficulties when one parent was affected than when neither parent was affected. Sibs were also at greater risk for academic difficulties, and affected sibs were more severely impaired, when the father rather than the mother was the affected parent. In dyslexia families with 2 affected parents, the sibs were at greater risk, and the affected sibs were more severely impaired, than in families where only one parent was affected. Moreover, in families with 2 affected parents, both of the parents were more severely impaired in reading and spelling than parents of the same sex in families with one affected parent. Some indirect evidence is presented that assortative mating may codetermine patterns of affectedness in dyslexia families.
通过就读于诵读困难学生特殊学校的先证者确定了两组独立的诵读困难家庭。另外通过随机选择就读于公立学校的学生确定了一组对照家庭。通过问卷调查询问了这三组家庭的人口统计学特征，以及所有一级和二级亲属中阅读和拼写障碍的发生率。还对一组诵读困难家庭进行了标准化智力和学业成绩测试。发现发育性诵读困难在家庭中具有聚集性；在就读于特殊学校的临床确诊学生中，受影响的男性是女性的4至5倍，但在先证者被排除后，受影响亲属的性别比约为每1名女性对应1.4名男性。当父母一方受影响时，兄弟姐妹出现阅读困难的风险比父母双方均未受影响时更高。当父亲而非母亲是受影响的家长时，兄弟姐妹出现学业困难的风险也更高，且受影响的兄弟姐妹受损更严重。在有两位受影响父母的诵读困难家庭中，兄弟姐妹的风险更高，且受影响的兄弟姐妹受损更严重，这比只有一位父母受影响的家庭情况更甚。此外，在有两位受影响父母的家庭中，父母双方在阅读和拼写方面的受损程度比只有一位受影响父母的家庭中同性别的父母更严重。文中提供了一些间接证据表明选型交配可能共同决定诵读困难家庭中的受累模式。
