Krakow B, Kellner R, Neidhardt J, Pathak D, Lambert L
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1993 Dec;24(4):325-30. doi: 10.1016/0005-7916(93)90057-4.
Nightmare frequency and self-rated distress were assessed retrospectively in two groups of chronic nightmare sufferers 30 months after treatment. In the initial phase, the image group (N = 9) learned a cognitive-behavioral technique (imagery rehearsal) for the treatment of nightmares. They were taught in one group session to: (1) record a nightmare; (2) change it (usually to something positive); and (3) rehearse the new images daily. The record group (N = 10) recorded nightmares during the first month only and learned imagery rehearsal subsequent to 3-month follow-up measurements. At 3 months and at 30 months, both groups had significantly fewer nightmares, but only the rehearsal group had less total distress. The results support the theory that nightmares are a primary sleep disorder rather than a symptom of an underlying psychiatric problem.
在治疗30个月后，对两组慢性噩梦患者进行了回顾性评估，以了解噩梦频率和自我评定的痛苦程度。在初始阶段，图像组（N = 9）学习了一种用于治疗噩梦的认知行为技术（图像排练）。在一次小组会议上，他们被教导：（1）记录一个噩梦；（2）改变它（通常变为积极的内容）；（3）每天排练新的图像。记录组（N = 10）仅在第一个月记录噩梦，并在3个月的随访测量后学习图像排练。在3个月和30个月时，两组的噩梦都明显减少，但只有排练组的总体痛苦程度较低。结果支持了这样一种理论，即噩梦是一种原发性睡眠障碍，而不是潜在精神问题的症状。
