Krakow B, Sandoval D, Schrader R, Keuhne B, McBride L, Yau C L, Tandberg D
Sleep and Human Health Institute, 4775 Indian School N.E., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87110, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2001 Aug;29(2):94-100. doi: 10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00195-6.
To evaluate imagery rehearsal therapy for the treatment of chronic nightmares in a sample of adolescent girls.
Adolescent girls ranging in age from 13 to 18 years were recruited from the Wyoming Girls School in Sheridan, Wyoming (treatment group, n = 9; control group, n = 10). These girls had previously suffered a high prevalence of unwanted sexual experiences in childhood and adolescence, and thus many suffered from nightmares, sleep complaints, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Imagery rehearsal therapy was provided in a 1-day (6-h) workshop. Imagery rehearsal consists of three steps, all of which are performed in the waking state: (a) select a nightmare, (b) "change the nightmare any way you wish," and (c) rehearse the images of the new version ("new dream") 5 to 20 min each day. Control participants received no intervention.
At baseline, these girls had been suffering from nightmares, on average, for 4.5 years, and they reported experiencing 20 nightmares per month, which occurred at a frequency of at least one bad dream every other night. At 3 months, self-reported, retrospectively assessed nightmare frequency measured in nights per month decreased 57% (p =.01, d = 1.4) and measured in nightmares per month decreased 71% (p =.01, d = 1.7) in the treatment group, compared with no significant changes in the control group. No significant changes were noted for sleep and posttraumatic stress disorder measures in either group.
Imagery rehearsal therapy was an effective treatment option for chronic nightmares in this adjudicated adolescent population.
在一组青春期女孩样本中评估意象演练疗法对慢性噩梦的治疗效果。
从怀俄明州谢里登的怀俄明女子学校招募年龄在13至18岁之间的青春期女孩（治疗组，n = 9；对照组，n = 10）。这些女孩在童年和青春期遭受过较高比例的不良性经历，因此许多人患有噩梦、睡眠问题和创伤后应激症状。意象演练疗法在为期1天（6小时）的工作坊中进行。意象演练包括三个步骤，所有步骤均在清醒状态下进行：（a）选择一个噩梦，（b）“以任何你希望的方式改变噩梦”，以及（c）每天排练新版本（“新梦”）的图像5至20分钟。对照组参与者未接受干预。
在基线时，这些女孩平均遭受噩梦困扰4.5年，她们报告每月经历20次噩梦，发生频率至少为每隔一晚做一次噩梦。在3个月时，与对照组无显著变化相比，治疗组自我报告的、回顾性评估的噩梦频率以每月的夜晚数衡量下降了57%（p =.01，d = 1.4），以每月的噩梦次数衡量下降了71%（p =.01，d = 1.7）。两组在睡眠和创伤后应激障碍测量方面均未观察到显著变化。
意象演练疗法是治疗这群被判定有罪的青春期人群慢性噩梦的有效治疗选择。
