Bates R R
J Surg Oncol. 1975;7(2):143-9. doi: 10.1002/jso.2930070210.
Although carcinoma of the pancreas is an increasingly prevalent form of human cancer, there has been relatively little experimental work on the etiology of this tumor until recently, probably because of the lack of adequate experimental models. However, at least two good experimental systems are now available. Several epidemiologic investigations suggest that chemical carcinogens may induce cancer of the pancreas in humans. If this is so, chemicals must reach the pancreas either through the blood supply or by reflux into the pancreatic duct from bile or duodenal contents. The route of exposure may vary according to the chemical and physical characteristics of different chemical carcinogens. Additional work is needed to determine the ability of different classes of chemicals to reach the pancreatic duct by these routes and the presence of enzymes required for activation of carcinogens in the pancreas. Levels of such enzymes as well as the response of cells of the pancreatic duct to carcinogens may be affected by the physiologic state of the pancreas or pathologic conditions within it. Research is needed to investigate these possibilities.
尽管胰腺癌是一种在人类中日益普遍的癌症形式，但直到最近，关于这种肿瘤病因的实验研究相对较少，这可能是因为缺乏合适的实验模型。然而，现在至少有两个良好的实验系统。几项流行病学调查表明，化学致癌物可能会诱发人类胰腺癌。如果真是这样，化学物质必定是通过血液供应或者从胆汁或十二指肠内容物反流进入胰管而到达胰腺的。接触途径可能因不同化学致癌物的化学和物理特性而有所不同。需要进一步开展工作，以确定不同种类的化学物质通过这些途径到达胰管的能力以及胰腺中激活致癌物所需酶的存在情况。这些酶的水平以及胰管细胞对致癌物的反应可能会受到胰腺生理状态或胰腺内病理状况的影响。需要开展研究来探究这些可能性。
