Lauer J, Streifel A, Kjellstrand C, DeRoos R
Nephron. 1975;15(2):87-97. doi: 10.1159/000180500.
The bacterial concentrations of the municipal water increased by more than 39-fold when subjected to reverse osmosis; then decreased by greater than 200-fold within the reservoir and water supply system of the hemodialysis center. The bacterial concentrations of dialysate solutions in contact with proportioning single-pass artificial kidney machines were as low or lower than the water from the hemodialysis center system (less than 10 CFU/100 ml.). The complete opposite was observed in the recirculating single-pass artificial kidney machines where bacterial concentrations in the dialysate solution reached levels greater than 1.0 X 10(6) CFU/100 ml.
市政供水经反渗透处理后细菌浓度增加了39倍以上；然后在血液透析中心的蓄水池和供水系统内又降低了200倍以上。与配比式单通道人工肾机接触的透析液的细菌浓度与血液透析中心系统的水一样低或更低（低于10 CFU/100 ml）。在循环式单通道人工肾机中观察到的情况则完全相反，透析液中的细菌浓度达到了高于1.0×10(6) CFU/100 ml的水平。
