Shufman E N, Porat S, Witztum E, Gandacu D, Bar-Hamburger R, Ginath Y
Jerusalem Institute for Treatment of Substance Abuse, Israel.
Biol Psychiatry. 1994 Jun 15;35(12):935-45. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)91240-8.
The efficacy of Naltrexone in preventing reabuse of heroin among heroin addicts in Israel was studied in a double-blind, controlled design. Naltrexone (or placebo) treatment was given as part of a general treatment plan that continued for 12 weeks. Thirty-two addicts who successfully completed a detoxification program and met research criteria, were included in the study. Fifty milligrams of Naltrexone were taken orally three times a week (25 mg twice a week for the first 2 weeks). The follow-up procedure included an interview, urine tests, and screening for possible adverse effects. In addition, social and psychological parameters were evaluated. Fewer heroin-positive urine tests were found the Naltrexone group than in the placebo group. Throughout the entire study, the number of drug-free patients in the Naltrexone group was higher than in the placebo group. The Naltrexone group showed a significant improvement in most psychological parameters as compared with the placebo group. No differences were found in compliance or ratio of adverse effects between the Naltrexone and placebo groups. The concept "heroin abuse load" based on daily heroin consumption and duration of addiction enabled us to predict which addicts would complete the treatment program. The results suggest that heroin addicts in Israel may benefit from treatment with Naltrexone.
在一项双盲对照设计中，研究了纳曲酮对以色列海洛因成瘾者预防再次滥用海洛因的疗效。纳曲酮（或安慰剂）治疗作为持续12周的综合治疗计划的一部分。32名成功完成戒毒计划并符合研究标准的成瘾者被纳入研究。纳曲酮50毫克，每周口服三次（前两周每周两次，每次25毫克）。随访程序包括访谈、尿检以及对可能的不良反应进行筛查。此外，还评估了社会和心理参数。与安慰剂组相比，纳曲酮组的海洛因尿检呈阳性的情况更少。在整个研究过程中，纳曲酮组的戒毒患者数量高于安慰剂组。与安慰剂组相比，纳曲酮组在大多数心理参数方面有显著改善。纳曲酮组和安慰剂组在依从性或不良反应发生率方面没有差异。基于每日海洛因消费量和成瘾持续时间的“海洛因滥用负荷”概念使我们能够预测哪些成瘾者能够完成治疗计划。结果表明，以色列的海洛因成瘾者可能从纳曲酮治疗中获益。
