Hommel B
Max-Planck-Institut für Psychologische Forschung, München, Germany.
Psychol Res. 1994;56(4):261-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00419656.
Two experiments investigated whether the Simon effect (i.e., faster responses to spatially corresponding than to noncorresponding stimuli, with stimulus location being irrelevant) is affected by the frequency of noncorrespondence trials. Stimulus discriminability (Experiment 1) and immediate or delayed stimulus formation (Experiment 2) was varied in order to manipulate the temporal relationship between coding of the relevant stimulus information and of stimulus location. As was expected, the Simon effect decreased from high to low discriminability and from immediate- to delayed-stimulus formation. This is consistent with the notion of a gradual decay of location-induced response-code activation. Moreover, the Simon effect decreased with increasing frequency of noncorrespondence trials and was even reversed with higher frequency. This demonstrates strategic preparation of stimulus processing and/or response selection based on irrelevant location information. However, frequency did not modify the interaction between S-R correspondence and stimulus discriminability or stimulus formation, this suggesting that code decay is not a result of a strategy, but an automatic process.
两项实验探究了西蒙效应（即对空间对应刺激的反应快于非对应刺激，刺激位置无关）是否受非对应试验频率的影响。改变刺激辨别力（实验1）以及即时或延迟刺激形成（实验2），以操控相关刺激信息编码与刺激位置编码之间的时间关系。正如预期的那样，西蒙效应从高辨别力到低辨别力，以及从即时刺激形成到延迟刺激形成逐渐降低。这与位置诱导反应代码激活逐渐衰减的概念一致。此外，西蒙效应随着非对应试验频率的增加而降低，甚至在更高频率时发生反转。这表明基于无关位置信息对刺激处理和/或反应选择进行了策略性准备。然而，频率并未改变刺激-反应对应与刺激辨别力或刺激形成之间的相互作用，这表明代码衰减不是策略的结果，而是一个自动过程。
