Janczyk Markus, Mackenzie Ian Grant, Koob Valentin
Psychological Research Methods and Cognitive Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.
Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2025 Apr;32(2):690-704. doi: 10.3758/s13423-024-02574-5. Epub 2024 Oct 24.
In conflict tasks, such as the Simon, Eriksen flanker, or Stroop task, a relevant and an irrelevant feature indicate the same or different responses in congruent and incongruent trials, respectively. The congruency effect refers to faster and less error-prone responses in congruent relative to incongruent trials. Distributional analyses reveal that the congruency effect in the Simon task becomes smaller with increasing RTs, reflected by a negative-going delta function. In contrast, for other tasks, the delta function is typically positive-going, meaning that congruency effects become larger with increasing RTs. The Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (DMC; Ulrich et al., Cognitive Psychology, 78, 148-174, 2015) accounts for this by explicitly modeling the information accumulated from the relevant and the irrelevant features and attributes negatively- versus positively-sloped delta functions to different peak times of a pulse-like activation resulting from the task-irrelevant feature. Because the underlying function implies negative drift rates, Lee and Sewell (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 31(5), 1-31, 2024) recently questioned this assumption and suggested their Revised Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (RDMC). We address three issues regarding RDMC compared to DMC: (1) The pulse-like function is not as implausible as Lee and Sewell suggest. (2) RDMC itself comes with a questionable assumption that different parameters are required for congruent and incongruent trials. (3) Moreover, we present data from a new parameter recovery study, suggesting that RDMC lacks acceptable recovery of several parameters (in particular compared to DMC). In this light, we discuss RDMC as not (yet) a revised version of DMC.
在冲突任务中,如西蒙任务、埃里克森侧翼任务或斯特鲁普任务,一个相关特征和一个不相关特征在一致和不一致试验中分别指示相同或不同的反应。一致性效应是指与不一致试验相比,一致试验中的反应更快且错误更少。分布分析表明,西蒙任务中的一致性效应随着反应时间(RT)的增加而变小,这由一个负向的增量函数反映出来。相比之下,对于其他任务,增量函数通常是正向的,这意味着一致性效应随着反应时间的增加而变大。冲突任务扩散模型(DMC;乌尔里希等人,《认知心理学》,第78卷,第148 - 174页,2015年)通过明确模拟从相关和不相关特征积累的信息,并将负斜率与正斜率的增量函数归因于任务无关特征产生的脉冲状激活的不同峰值时间来解释这一现象。由于潜在函数意味着负漂移率,李和休厄尔(《心理onomic通报与评论》,第31卷第5期,第1 - 31页,2024年)最近对这一假设提出质疑,并提出了他们的冲突任务修正扩散模型(RDMC)。我们针对RDMC与DMC对比探讨三个问题:(1)脉冲状函数并不像李和休厄尔所认为的那样不合理。(2)RDMC本身存在一个有问题的假设,即一致和不一致试验需要不同的参数。(3)此外,我们展示了一项新的参数恢复研究的数据,表明RDMC缺乏对几个参数的可接受恢复(特别是与DMC相比)。鉴于此,我们认为RDMC目前还不是DMC的修正版本。