Graybiel A M, Aosaki T, Flaherty A W, Kimura M
Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
Science. 1994 Sep 23;265(5180):1826-31. doi: 10.1126/science.8091209.
The basal ganglia are neural structures within the motor and cognitive control circuits in the mammalian forebrain and are interconnected with the neocortex by multiple loops. Dysfunction in these parallel loops caused by damage to the striatum results in major defects in voluntary movement, exemplified in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. These parallel loops have a distributed modular architecture resembling local expert architectures of computational learning models. During sensorimotor learning, such distributed networks may be coordinated by widely spaced striatal interneurons that acquire response properties on the basis of experienced reward.
基底神经节是哺乳动物前脑运动和认知控制回路中的神经结构，通过多个环路与新皮层相互连接。纹状体损伤导致这些并行环路功能失调，会引起自主运动的重大缺陷，帕金森病和亨廷顿舞蹈病就是例证。这些并行环路具有分布式模块化结构，类似于计算学习模型的局部专家结构。在感觉运动学习过程中，这种分布式网络可能由间隔较远的纹状体中间神经元协调，这些中间神经元根据经验性奖励获得反应特性。
