Spilman C H, Harper M J
Gynecol Invest. 1975;6(3-4):186-205. doi: 10.1159/000301516.
The effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on muscular activity of the oviductal isthmus and on the rate of tubal egg transport are reviewed. In consideration of the available data a mechanism by which PGs contribute to the physiological control of egg transport is suggested. In vivo experiments have demonstrated that E-series PGs relax while F-series PGs stimulate muscular activity of the oviduct in humans, subhuman primates and rabbits. These effects are mutually antagonistic. The response of oviductal muscle to PGs appears to be affected by ovarian steroids; progesterone increases the response to PGE1 and decrease the response to PGF2alpha. Oviductal tissue concentrations of PGF increase in a distal to proximal sequence following ovulation-induction in the rabbit. Also, proximal isthmus binding of PGE1 t tended to be greater in 72-hour pregnant rabbits than in estrous rabbits, while binding of PGF2alpha was greater in estrous than in 72-hour pregnant animals. It is suggested that the preovulatory increase in ovarian estradiol secretion stimulates PGF synthesis in the oviductal tissue in a sequential fashion, the peak value occurring when the oviductal isthmus is most sensitive to stimulation by PGF2alpha. The changes in tissue concentration of PGF and in sensitivity to PGF2alpha could contribute to occlusion of the isthmus and prevent premature passage of eggs into the uterus. An increase in ovarian progesterone secretion after ovulation may decrease tissue PGF, decrease the response to PGF2alpha stimulation, and increase the response to PGF1. These changes may then allow a progressive movement of eggs through the isthmus into the uterus. Several questions regarding this proposed mechanism remain unanswered.
本文综述了前列腺素（PGs）对输卵管峡部肌肉活动及输卵管卵子运输速率的影响。基于现有数据，提出了一种PGs参与卵子运输生理控制的机制。体内实验表明，在人类、非人灵长类动物和兔子中，E系列PGs使输卵管肌肉松弛，而F系列PGs则刺激其肌肉活动。这些作用相互拮抗。输卵管肌肉对PGs的反应似乎受卵巢甾体激素影响；孕酮增加对PGE1的反应，降低对PGF2α的反应。在兔子中，诱导排卵后，输卵管组织中PGF的浓度从远端到近端呈递增顺序。此外，在怀孕72小时的兔子中，PGE1在输卵管近端峡部的结合倾向于比发情期兔子更强，而PGF2α的结合在发情期兔子中比怀孕72小时的动物更强。有人提出，排卵前卵巢雌二醇分泌增加以顺序方式刺激输卵管组织中PGF的合成，当输卵管峡部对PGF2α刺激最敏感时达到峰值。PGF组织浓度的变化以及对PGF2α敏感性的变化可能有助于峡部阻塞，防止卵子过早进入子宫。排卵后卵巢孕酮分泌增加可能会降低组织中PGF的含量，降低对PGF2α刺激的反应，并增加对PGF1的反应。这些变化随后可能使卵子逐渐通过峡部进入子宫。关于这一提出的机制仍有几个问题未得到解答。
