Brotherton J
Andrologia. 1975;7(3):169-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1975.tb00923.x.
Accurately calibrated Coulter Counters, Models ZB Industrial and F, were used to count and size spermatozoa before and after Zaponin treatment which lyses accompanying debris, droplets and peripheral sperm cytoplasm. Sperm specimens from the cauda epididymis of the rabbit, Guinea pig, hamster, rat and mouse were without accompanying particles and could be sized without Zaponin treatment. The large acrosome cap of the guinea pig swelled rapidly when the spermatozoa were released into an isotonic solution and measurement was only possible after equilibrium had been reached. Zaponin treatment completely dissolved rat and hamster spermatozoa within a few seconds and about 50% of the mouse spermatozoa. Spermatozoa form the cauda epididymis of the bull were accompanied by some unspecific debris which made size determination without Zaponin treatment difficult. A separate population of cytoplasmic droplets was not present and the amount of accompanying cytoplasm, as shown by its removal with Zaponin, was the least for the species examined. The size of spermatozoa in ejaculated specimens from the dog varied considerably according to whether the cytoplasmis droplet was still present, but after Zaponin treatment all specimens were about the same size. Ejaculated specimens from the European wild boar contained a separate population of small droplets which were sufficiently different in size from the spermatozoa to allow separate counting and sizing without Zaponin treatment. Ejaculated specimens from the Rhesus monkey required incubation to release the spermatozoa from the clot before they could be counted and sized. Their size tended to vary slightly according to the length of incubation. Ejaculated specimens from the rabbit and from man were so heavily contaminated with debris that counting and sizing was not possible without Zaponin treatment. The relationship between the amount of debris and the numbers of spermatozoa was extremely variable. The debris in human specimens was separated from the spermatozoa by downward fractionation of the motile spermatozoa into increasing concentrations of bovine serum albumin, so allowing measurement of untreated spermatozoa for the first time. The sperm size distribution curves for all the ten species examined, both before and after Zaponin treatment, were positively skewed. The peaks were broader and flatter when Zaponin was not used. Sperm sizes, in terms of total volume and of the diameter of a sphere of that volume, are given for all the species at both the mode and the mean of the size distribution curves. After Zaponin treatment the mean size was between a volume of 15 and 50 mum3 or an equivalent spherical diameter of 3-5 mum. Before Zaponin treatment all the sperm types were greater than 20% larger by volume and the mean volume was between 25 and 190 mum3.
使用精确校准的ZB工业型和F型库尔特计数器，在皂草素处理前后对精子进行计数和测量大小。皂草素可溶解伴随的碎片、液滴和精子外周细胞质。来自兔、豚鼠、仓鼠、大鼠和小鼠附睾尾部的精子标本没有伴随颗粒，无需皂草素处理即可测量大小。当豚鼠精子被放入等渗溶液中时，其大顶体帽迅速膨胀，只有在达到平衡后才能进行测量。皂草素处理在几秒钟内可完全溶解大鼠和仓鼠的精子，以及约50%的小鼠精子。公牛附睾尾部的精子伴有一些非特异性碎片，这使得在不进行皂草素处理的情况下难以确定大小。不存在单独的细胞质液滴群体，用皂草素去除后显示的伴随细胞质的量，在所检查的物种中是最少的。狗射精标本中精子的大小根据细胞质液滴是否仍然存在而有很大差异，但经过皂草素处理后，所有标本的大小大致相同。欧洲野猪的射精标本含有一群单独的小液滴，其大小与精子有足够差异，无需皂草素处理即可单独计数和测量大小。恒河猴的射精标本需要孵育以从凝块中释放精子，然后才能进行计数和测量大小。它们的大小往往根据孵育时间略有变化。兔和人的射精标本被碎片严重污染，没有皂草素处理就无法进行计数和测量大小。碎片量与精子数量之间的关系变化极大。通过将活动精子向下分级到浓度不断增加的牛血清白蛋白中，将人类标本中的碎片与精子分离，从而首次能够测量未处理的精子。在皂草素处理前后，所检查的所有十个物种的精子大小分布曲线均呈正偏态。不使用皂草素时，峰值更宽更平坦。给出了所有物种在大小分布曲线的众数和均值处的精子大小，以总体积和该体积球体的直径表示。皂草素处理后，平均大小在体积为15至50立方微米之间，或等效球形直径为3至5微米之间。在皂草素处理前，所有精子类型的体积都大20%以上，平均体积在25至190立方微米之间。
