de Melo N T, Lacaz C da S, Charbel C E, Pereira A D, Heins-Vaccari E M, França-Netto A S, Machado L dos R, Livramento J A
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo (Laboratório de Micologia Médica), Brasil.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1993 Sep-Oct;35(5):469-78.
The purpose of this work was to collect the main information from the literature about the biotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans. The more up-to date research concerning the epidemiology of cryptococcosis comprising quite a few articles, mainly after the advent of AIDS, was also reviewed. The Cryptococcus neoformans varieties neoformans and gattii are well defined biochemically nowadays chiefly through the C.G.B. medium, according to Kwon-Chung et al. (1982). The isolation of C. neoformans var. gattii from flowers and leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus tereticornis, specially in Australia, through the works of Ellis & Pfeiffer (1990) and Pfeiffer & Ellis (1992) permitted very interesting epidemiological investigations on C. neoformans, a capsulated yeast by which Sanfelice, in Italy (1894; 1895) attracted attention of medical class. Busse, in 1894, described the first human case of cryptococcosis under the presentation of a bone lesion simulating sarcoma. In this paper, the Brazilian researchers focused on this subject were pointed out, followed by the Author's experience with the C.G.B. medium (L-canavanine, glycine and bromothymol blue) proposed by Kwon-Chung et al. (1982) with very good results. It was possible with such medium the study of 50 C.N.S. liquor samples, being 39 from AIDS patients (78%) and 11 from non-AIDS ones (22%). Thirty-seven out of the 39 HIV-positive patients (74%) were identified as C. neoformans var. gattii. From the negative HIV, 8 (16%) were classified as C. neoformans var. neoformans and 3 (6%) as C. neoformans var. gattii. We could not perform the serotyping of the above referred samples. It is evident anyway that in Brazil there exist both varieties gattii and neoformans, agents of neurocryptococcosis, including AIDS patients. The importance of neurocryptococcosis, mainly among AIDS patients, is stressed here, showing once more the value of C.G.B. medium in the typing of C. neoformans in its two varieties. Also, it is of relevant importance the demonstration that some species of eucalyptus may act as "host-trees" of C. neoformans var. gattii.
这项工作的目的是收集文献中有关新型隐球菌生物分型的主要信息。同时，对关于隐球菌病流行病学的最新研究进行了综述，这些研究包含了相当多的文章，主要是在艾滋病出现之后。根据权钟彻等人（1982年）的研究，如今新型隐球菌变种新生变种和格特变种在生化方面已得到很好的定义，主要是通过C.G.B.培养基。通过埃利斯和 Pfeiffer（1990年）以及Pfeiffer和埃利斯（1992年）的研究，在澳大利亚从赤桉和圆锥花桉的花和叶中分离出格特变种新型隐球菌，这使得对新型隐球菌进行了非常有趣的流行病学调查，新型隐球菌是一种有荚膜的酵母，1894年至1895年在意大利，Sanfelice使其引起了医学界的关注。1894年，Busse描述了首例隐球菌病的人类病例，表现为类似肉瘤的骨病变。在本文中，指出了专注于该主题的巴西研究人员，接着介绍了作者使用权钟彻等人（1982年）提出的C.G.B.培养基（L - 刀豆氨酸、甘氨酸和溴百里酚蓝）所取得的良好结果。使用这种培养基能够对50份脑脊液样本进行研究，其中39份来自艾滋病患者（78%），11份来自非艾滋病患者（22%）。39名HIV阳性患者中有37名（74%）被鉴定为新型隐球菌格特变种。在HIV阴性患者中，8名（16%）被归类为新型隐球菌新生变种，3名（6%）被归类为新型隐球菌格特变种。我们无法对上述样本进行血清分型。无论如何，很明显在巴西存在格特变种和新生变种这两种类型，它们都是神经隐球菌病的病原体，包括艾滋病患者。这里强调了神经隐球菌病的重要性，主要是在艾滋病患者中，再次显示了C.G.B.培养基在对新型隐球菌的两个变种进行分型中的价值。此外，证明某些桉树物种可能作为新型隐球菌格特变种的“宿主树”也具有重要意义。
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