Hartikainen P, Helkala E L, Soininen H, Riekkinen P
Department of Neurology, University of Kuopio, Finland.
J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect. 1993;6(2):127-37. doi: 10.1007/BF02261006.
We investigated the profile of cognitive and memory deficits of 22 Parkinson's disease (PD), 24 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and 26 age-matched controls. The patients were at the early phase of the disease and untreated. The ALS patients exhibited deficits in simple visuoperceptual functions and in complex visuoperceptual reasoning (Digit Symbol and Block Design tests), whereas the PD patients showed deficits only in simple visuoperceptual functions. Moreover, both ALS and PD patients had impairment in tasks requiring set shifting from one reaction to another that may suggest frontal lobe dysfunction. The ALS and PD patients also showed impairment in the task of learning a word list with effort-demanding organization of the material to be remembered. However, preserved delayed recall of logical passages suggests that memory, per se, is not impaired in ALS or in PD. The patterns of errors in a test of recognition of learned words imply, at least partially, different underlying deficits in the two diseases. An inability to inhibit irrelevant information may contribute to memory impairment in ALS patients, whereas the memory deficit in PD may derive from lowered motivation or initiating behaviour.
我们研究了22名帕金森病（PD）患者、24名肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）患者以及26名年龄匹配的对照者的认知和记忆缺陷情况。这些患者均处于疾病早期且未接受治疗。ALS患者在简单视觉感知功能和复杂视觉感知推理（数字符号和积木设计测试）方面存在缺陷，而PD患者仅在简单视觉感知功能方面表现出缺陷。此外，ALS和PD患者在需要从一种反应转换到另一种反应的任务中均存在障碍，这可能提示额叶功能障碍。ALS和PD患者在学习单词列表的任务中也表现出障碍，该任务需要对要记忆的材料进行费力的组织。然而，对逻辑段落的延迟回忆能力保留表明，ALS或PD患者本身的记忆并未受损。在所学单词识别测试中的错误模式至少部分暗示了这两种疾病存在不同的潜在缺陷。无法抑制无关信息可能导致ALS患者出现记忆障碍，而PD患者的记忆缺陷可能源于动机降低或启动行为。
