Ravussin E, Swinburn B A
Clinical Diabetes and Nutrition Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1993 Dec;17 Suppl 3:S28-31; discussion S41-2.
In prospective studies in Pima Indians, four metabolic parameters, which are known to have a familial component, have been found to predict weight gain. These are: (i) low relative resting metabolic rate (RMR, relative to the average predicted rate for body size), (ii) low level of spontaneous physical activity (SPA), (iii) high 24 h respiratory quotient (RQ) and (iv) high insulin sensitivity (IS). Cross-sectional studies show that all four parameters correlate with body size: RMR vs. fat-free mass (FFM), r = 0.87, P < 0.0001; energy cost of SPA vs. weight, r = 0.69, P < 0.001; RQ vs. body fat, r = -0.23, P < 0.05; IS vs. weight, r = -0.38, P < 0.001. When these parameters are adjusted for differences in body size, then the initial value predicts the rate of change in body weight over the subsequent years: RMR (adjusted for FFM, fat mass, age and sex), r = -0.39, P < 0.001; SPA, r = -0.35, P < 0.005 (males); RQ (adjusted for fat mass), r = 0.24, P < 0.01; IS (adjusted for weight), r = 0.34, P < 0.0001. After gaining weight, the original deviation from the value predicted on the basis of the population (e.g. low relative RMR, high RQ and high IS) tends to diminish, suggesting a progressively decreasing physiological drive for further body weight gain. Thus, the high RMR, high energy cost of SPA, low RQ and low IS seen in obesity may act to limit additional weight gain.
在皮马印第安人的前瞻性研究中，已发现四个已知具有家族性因素的代谢参数可预测体重增加。这些参数是：（i）低相对静息代谢率（RMR，相对于根据体型预测的平均速率），（ii）低水平的自发身体活动（SPA），（iii）高24小时呼吸商（RQ），以及（iv）高胰岛素敏感性（IS）。横断面研究表明，所有这四个参数均与体型相关：RMR与去脂体重（FFM），r = 0.87，P < 0.0001；SPA的能量消耗与体重，r = 0.69，P < 0.001；RQ与体脂，r = -0.23，P < 0.05；IS与体重，r = -0.38，P < 0.001。当对这些参数进行体型差异调整后，初始值可预测随后几年体重的变化率：RMR（根据FFM、脂肪量、年龄和性别进行调整），r = -0.39，P < 0.001；SPA，r = -0.35，P < 0.005（男性）；RQ（根据脂肪量进行调整），r = 0.24，P < 0.01；IS（根据体重进行调整），r = 0.34，P < 0.0001。体重增加后，与根据人群预测值（例如低相对RMR、高RQ和高IS）的原始偏差往往会减小，这表明进一步体重增加的生理驱动力逐渐降低。因此，肥胖中出现的高RMR、高SPA能量消耗、低RQ和低IS可能起到限制体重进一步增加的作用。
