Wester P W, Vethaak A D, van Muiswinkel W B
Laboratory for Pathology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
Toxicology. 1994 Feb 7;86(3):213-32. doi: 10.1016/0300-483x(94)90005-1.
This paper presents an overview on the state of the art in the development and application of biomarkers for immunotoxicology in fish. There are several reasons for developing this field: many fish diseases are related to environmental quality, various environmental pollutants have immunotoxic potential and many fish diseases have an immunological component. As in immunotoxicology in general, this aspect, in fish, has received ample attention in the recent past. Much benefit has been obtained from progress in related fields of science, such as fish immunology and rodent immunotoxicology. Meanwhile there is a broad spectrum of potential biomarkers for immunotoxicology in fish, from which macrophage parameters seem to be most widely used. The application of others, such as lymphoid cell parameters is still limited, probably due to practical problems such as lack of experience with conduct, validation and interpretation. Specific problems include the paucity of background data in the case of epidemiological field studies and the important role of other (non-chemical) stress factors in the immune response, and hence the lack of specificity of potential biomarkers.
本文概述了鱼类免疫毒理学中生物标志物的开发与应用的现状。发展该领域有几个原因：许多鱼类疾病与环境质量相关，各种环境污染物具有免疫毒性潜力，并且许多鱼类疾病具有免疫成分。与一般免疫毒理学一样，鱼类免疫毒理学这一方面在最近受到了广泛关注。相关科学领域的进展，如鱼类免疫学和啮齿动物免疫毒理学，带来了很多益处。同时，鱼类免疫毒理学有广泛的潜在生物标志物，其中巨噬细胞参数似乎应用最为广泛。其他指标，如淋巴细胞参数的应用仍然有限，这可能是由于操作、验证和解释等实际问题，比如缺乏相关经验。具体问题包括在流行病学现场研究中背景数据匮乏，以及其他（非化学）应激因素在免疫反应中的重要作用，因此潜在生物标志物缺乏特异性。
