新型大环内酯类药物。阿奇霉素和克拉霉素。
The new macrolides. Azithromycin and clarithromycin.
作者信息
Kanatani M S, Guglielmo B J
机构信息
Division of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, School of Pharmacy, San Francisco 94143-0622.
出版信息
West J Med. 1994 Jan;160(1):31-7.
Clarithromycin and azithromycin are among the new generation of macrolides that have recently been approved for use. Compared with currently available antibiotics, these agents may be given less frequently and, in the case of azithromycin, for a shorter duration. In vitro data suggest an antimicrobial advantage of both clarithromycin and azithromycin against atypical mycobacterial and toxoplasmal species and possibly Haemophilus influenzae. The cost of both these agents is substantially higher than that of erythromycin and doxycycline, although the convenience of single-dose azithromycin is appealing compared with a 7-day course of doxycycline for chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis. These agents appear to offer advantages over erythromycin in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. Additional data are needed to establish their role in other bacterial infections.
克拉霉素和阿奇霉素是最近已获批使用的新一代大环内酯类药物。与现有的抗生素相比，这些药物的给药频率可能更低，就阿奇霉素而言，给药疗程可能更短。体外数据表明，克拉霉素和阿奇霉素对非典型分枝杆菌和弓形虫属以及可能对流感嗜血杆菌具有抗菌优势。这两种药物的成本都大大高于红霉素和多西环素，不过，与治疗衣原体尿道炎和宫颈炎需服用7天的多西环素相比，单剂量阿奇霉素使用方便，颇具吸引力。在治疗鸟分枝杆菌复合群感染方面，这些药物似乎比红霉素更具优势。还需要更多数据来确定它们在其他细菌感染中的作用。
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