北卡罗来纳州流动农场工人的农药接触、胆碱酯酶抑制及症状
Pesticide exposures, cholinesterase depression, and symptoms among North Carolina migrant farmworkers.
作者信息
Ciesielski S, Loomis D P, Mims S R, Auer A
机构信息
Department of Family Medicine, Valley Medical Center, Fresno, CA 93702.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1994 Mar;84(3):446-51. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.3.446.
OBJECTIVES
We conducted a clinic-based study of erythrocyte cholinesterase levels, pesticide exposures, and health effects among farmworkers and nonfarmworkers to determine risks for exposure and associated morbidity.
METHODS
Two hundred two farmworkers and 42 nonfarmworkers were recruited sequentially at two community health centers. Erythrocyte cholinesterase levels were measured colorimetrically. Questionnaires obtained data on demographics, occupational history, exposures, and symptoms.
RESULTS
Cholinesterase levels were significantly lower among farmworkers (30.28 U/g hemoglobin) than among nonfarmworkers (32.3 U/g hemoglobin). Twelve percent of farmworkers, but no nonfarmworkers, had very low levels. Farmworkers applying pesticides also had lower cholinesterase levels. One half of farmworkers reported being sprayed by pesticides and working in fields with an obvious chemical smell. Of reported symptoms, only diarrhea was associated with cholinesterase levels. Reported exposures, however, were strongly associated with symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Farmworkers reported many pesticide exposures that violate state and federal regulations. Farmworkers had cholinesterase levels significantly lower than those of nonfarmworkers, although only spraying pesticides was associated with very low levels.
目的
我们对农场工人和非农场工人进行了一项基于诊所的研究，以测定红细胞胆碱酯酶水平、农药暴露情况及健康影响，从而确定暴露风险及相关发病率。
方法
在两个社区健康中心依次招募了202名农场工人和42名非农场工人。采用比色法测定红细胞胆碱酯酶水平。通过问卷调查获取人口统计学、职业史、暴露情况及症状等数据。
结果
农场工人的胆碱酯酶水平（30.28 U/g血红蛋白）显著低于非农场工人（32.3 U/g血红蛋白）。12%的农场工人胆碱酯酶水平极低，而非农场工人中无人如此。使用农药的农场工人胆碱酯酶水平也较低。半数农场工人报告曾被农药喷洒，且在有明显化学气味的田间工作。在报告的症状中，只有腹泻与胆碱酯酶水平相关。然而，报告的暴露情况与症状密切相关。
结论
农场工人报告了许多违反州和联邦法规的农药暴露情况。农场工人的胆碱酯酶水平显著低于非农场工人，尽管只有喷洒农药与极低水平相关。
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