Smith P A
Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Farnborough, Hampshire, UK.
Health Phys. 1994 Apr;66(4):414-9. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199404000-00006.
International standards for the protection of the eyes from the hazards of laser radiation define a nominal ocular hazard distance as a distance beyond which an individual would not be expected to suffer any adverse biological effects. The nominal ocular hazard distance, and any associated hazard zones, are calculated using a deterministic technique. This technique does not consider the likelihood that an eye will be irradiated, or the probability that if any eye is exposed, then some level of ocular damage will result. An alternative method of hazard assessment, without compromising safety, is to adopt a probabilistic approach in which the ultimate safety criterion is that the expectation of someone receiving ocular damage must be less than some acceptable risk level. An important element in this assessment is an ocular damage model, which predicts the probability with which a laser exposure will cause permanent eye damage. This paper describes a rationale for the use of the minimum ophthalmoscopically visible lesion as a threshold criterion for the development of ocular damage models. A brief review of existing ocular damage threshold data for Q-switched neodymium:YAG and ruby lasers is presented, and ocular damage models for these lasers systems are derived.
国际上关于保护眼睛免受激光辐射危害的标准将标称眼危害距离定义为超过此距离个人预计不会遭受任何不良生物效应的距离。标称眼危害距离以及任何相关的危害区域是使用确定性技术计算得出的。该技术未考虑眼睛被照射的可能性，或者如果任何眼睛暴露，导致一定程度眼损伤的概率。一种在不影响安全性的情况下进行危害评估的替代方法是采用概率方法，其中最终的安全标准是某人受到眼损伤的期望必须小于某个可接受的风险水平。此评估中的一个重要因素是眼损伤模型，它预测激光照射导致永久性眼损伤的概率。本文描述了使用最小检眼镜可见病变作为眼损伤模型开发的阈值标准的基本原理。简要回顾了调Q钕：钇铝石榴石激光和红宝石激光现有的眼损伤阈值数据，并推导了这些激光系统的眼损伤模型。
