Zinn R A
Department of Animal Science, Imperial Valley Agricultural Center, University of California, El Centro 92243.
J Anim Sci. 1994 Jan;72(1):21-8. doi: 10.2527/1994.72121x.
Seventy-two medium-framed, crossbred steers (348 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design performance trial. Experimental diets contained (DM basis) 6% alfalfa hay, 6% sudangrass hay, 79% wheat, 2% yellow grease, 4% cane molasses, and 3% supplement. Treatments were 1) dry-rolled wheat (DRW, density = .52 kg/L); 2) steam-rolled wheat, coarse flake (SRW-C, density = .39 kg/L); and 3) steam-rolled wheat, thin flake (SRW-T density = .30 kg/L). Steam processing increased amyloglucosidase reactivity of wheat starch by 238 and 287% for SRW-C and SRW-T, respectively. Cattle performance was similar (P > .10) for SRW-C and SRW-T. Steam processing wheat increased ADG (13.5%, P < .10) and decreased DM intake/gain (8.8%, P < .05). Diet NE was precisely as expected for DRW, confirming the applicability of tabular NE values. Diet NEm was 3.7% lower (P < .05) for DRW than for SRW. The NEm and NEg of SRW were 2.28 and 1.59 Mcal/kg, respectively. Twelve Holstein steers (266 kg) were "T" cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a completely random design experiment to evaluate treatment effects on characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion. Ruminal digestibilities of OM and starch were similar (P > .10) for DRW and SRW. Postruminal and total tract digestibility of OM (P < .10) and starch (P < .01) were increased with SRW. Dietary DE and ME values were greater (6.1 and 6.6%, respectively; P < .10) for SRW than for DRW.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
72头中等体格的杂交阉牛（体重348千克）被用于一项随机完全区组设计性能试验。试验日粮（以干物质计）包含6%苜蓿干草、6%苏丹草干草、79%小麦、2%黄油脂、4%甘蔗糖蜜和3%补充料。处理方式有：1）干碾压小麦（DRW，密度 = 0.52千克/升）；2）蒸汽碾压小麦，粗片状（SRW-C，密度 = 0.39千克/升）；3）蒸汽碾压小麦，薄片状（SRW-T，密度 = 0.30千克/升）。蒸汽处理使SRW-C和SRW-T的小麦淀粉的淀粉葡萄糖苷酶反应活性分别提高了238%和287%。SRW-C和SRW-T的牛生长性能相似（P > 0.10）。蒸汽处理小麦提高了平均日增重（13.5%，P < 0.10）并降低了干物质摄入量/增重比（8.8%，P < 0.05）。DRW日粮的净能正如预期，证实了表格净能值的适用性。DRW日粮的维持净能比SRW低3.7%（P < 0.05）。SRW的维持净能和增重净能分别为2.28和1.59兆卡/千克。12头荷斯坦阉牛（体重266千克）在瘤胃和十二指肠近端安装了“T”型套管，用于一项完全随机设计试验，以评估处理方式对瘤胃和全消化道消化特性的影响。DRW和SRW的瘤胃有机物和淀粉消化率相似（P > 0.10）。SRW使瘤胃后和全消化道的有机物消化率（P < 0.10）和淀粉消化率（P < 0.01）提高。SRW的日粮消化能和代谢能值比DRW更高（分别为6.1%和6.6%；P < 0.10）。（摘要截取自250词）
