Zinn R A, Alvarez E G, Montaño M F, Plascencia A, Ramirez J E
Desert Research and Extension Center, University of California, El Centro 92243, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1998 Sep;76(9):2239-46. doi: 10.2527/1998.7692239x.
Crossbred yearling steers (n = 125; 372 kg) were used in a 109-d finishing trial. Steers were fed an 88% concentrate diet containing 65% corn (DM basis) as 1) dry rolled corn (DRC); 2) tempered rolled corn (TRC), 43 mg surfactant (SarTemp)/kg corn; 3) TRC, 172 mg surfactant/kg corn; 4) TRC, 430 mg surfactant/kg corn; and 5) steam-flaked corn (SFC). Corn moisture was greater (3.5%, P < .01) for TRC than for DRC but less (10%, P < .05) than for SFC. Starch enzymatic reactivity was less for TRC than for either DRC (18%, P < .05) or SFC (42%, P < .01). Tempering increased the integrity of rolled corn and reduced the amount of particles less than 2 mm in diameter by 54% (P < .01). Steam flaking corn increased (P < .01) proportion (78%) of the grain having a particle size distribution of greater than 8 mm, as compared with TRC (25%) and DRC (3%). Compared with DRC, tempering enhanced (P < .10) ADG (9%), feed efficiency (5%), and dietary NE (3%). Daily weight gain was similar (P > .10) for TRC and SFC. Feed efficiency (P < .10) and dietary NE (P < .01) were greater (6%) for SFC than for TRC. There were no differences (P > .10) between DRC and TRC in ruminal and total tract digestion of OM, N, and starch, and in ruminal microbial efficiency. Ruminal digestion of OM decreased (linear effect, P < .05) and ruminal microbial efficiency increased (linear effect, P < .05) with increasing surfactant concentration. Ruminal digestion of OM and starch, and flow of nonammonia N to the small intestine were greater (31, 56, and 14%, respectively, P < .01) for SFC than for TRC. Postruminal and total tract digestion of OM, N, and starch, and dietary DE were greater (P < .01) for SFC than for TRC. We concluded that tempering corn will enhance animal performance. Increasing the concentration of surfactant used in tempering may enhance ruminal microbial efficiency and lean tissue growth.
125头杂交一岁公牛（体重372千克）用于为期109天的育肥试验。给公牛饲喂一种88%的精料日粮，其中65%的玉米（干物质基础）分别为：1）干碾压玉米（DRC）；2）调质碾压玉米（TRC），每千克玉米添加43毫克表面活性剂（SarTemp）；3）TRC，每千克玉米添加172毫克表面活性剂；4）TRC，每千克玉米添加430毫克表面活性剂；5）蒸汽压片玉米（SFC）。TRC的玉米水分含量高于DRC（3.5%，P < 0.01），但低于SFC（10%，P < 0.05）。TRC的淀粉酶活性低于DRC（18%，P < 0.05）和SFC（42%，P < 0.01）。调质提高了碾压玉米的完整性，使直径小于2毫米的颗粒数量减少了54%（P < 0.01）。与TRC（25%）和DRC（3%）相比，蒸汽压片玉米使粒径分布大于8毫米的谷物比例增加（P < 0.01）至78%。与DRC相比，调质提高了（P < 0.10）平均日增重（9%）、饲料效率（5%）和日粮净能（3%）。TRC和SFC的日增重相似（P > 0.10）。SFC的饲料效率（P < 0.10）和日粮净能（P < 0.01）比TRC高6%。DRC和TRC在瘤胃和全消化道对有机物、氮和淀粉的消化以及瘤胃微生物效率方面没有差异（P > 0.10）。随着表面活性剂浓度的增加，瘤胃对有机物的消化减少（线性效应，P < 0.05），瘤胃微生物效率增加（线性效应，P < 0.05）。SFC的瘤胃对有机物和淀粉消化以及非氨态氮向小肠的流量比TRC高（分别高31%、56%和14%，P < 0.01）。SFC的瘤胃后和全消化道对有机物、氮和淀粉的消化以及日粮消化能比TRC高（P < 0.01）。我们得出结论，玉米调质可提高动物生产性能。增加调质时使用的表面活性剂浓度可能会提高瘤胃微生物效率和瘦肉组织生长。
