Margolis E
Department of Philosophy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0270.
Cognition. 1994 Jan;51(1):73-89. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90009-4.
A standard view within psychology is that there have been two important shifts in the study of concepts and that each has led to some improvements. The first shift was from the classical theory of concepts to probabilistic theories, the most popular of which is prototype theory. The second shift was from probabilistic theories to theory-based theories. In this article, I take exception with the view that the first shift has led to any kind of advance. I argue that the main reasons given for preferring prototype theory over the classical theory are flawed and that prototype theory suffers some of the same problems that have been thought to challenge the classical theory.
心理学领域的一个标准观点是，概念研究中发生了两次重要转变，每次转变都带来了一些进步。第一次转变是从概念的经典理论转向概率理论，其中最流行的是原型理论。第二次转变是从概率理论转向基于理论的理论。在本文中，我不同意第一次转变带来了任何进步的观点。我认为，相较于经典理论，支持原型理论的主要理由存在缺陷，而且原型理论也存在一些曾被认为会挑战经典理论的相同问题。
