Yee Y C, Thornsberry C, Brown S D, Bouchillon S K, Marler J K, Rich T
Institute for Microbiology Research, Franklin, Tennessee 37064.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1993 Nov;32 Suppl B:13-9. doi: 10.1093/jac/32.suppl_b.13.
Using the national surveillance programme of USA hospitals, we selected 162 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae for sensitivity testing using the NCCLS breakpoints for benzylpenicillin and the oxacillin discs screen test. Included in the group of isolates were 85 relatively penicillin-resistant and 33 penicillin-resistant strains. The activity of cefepime, a new cephalosporin, was compared with other cephalosporins and penicillins as well as some non-beta-lactam antimicrobials. Imipenem was the most active agent but, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were only slightly less active. The least active agents were ceftazidime, cefuroxime, piperacillin/tazobactam and ticarcillin/clavulanate. Cefepime is a potential alternative treatment to penicillin, particularly when penicillin-resistant and relatively penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae are encountered. The clinical importance of screening for penicillin resistance by the use of the oxacillin disc is emphasized.
利用美国医院的国家监测计划，我们选取了162株肺炎链球菌，采用美国国家临床实验室标准委员会（NCCLS）制定的苄青霉素折点和苯唑西林纸片筛选试验进行敏感性测试。分离菌株组中包括85株相对耐青霉素菌株和33株耐青霉素菌株。将新型头孢菌素头孢吡肟的活性与其他头孢菌素、青霉素以及一些非β-内酰胺类抗菌药物进行了比较。亚胺培南是活性最强的药物，而头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松和环丙沙星的活性仅略低。活性最低的药物是头孢他啶、头孢呋辛、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和替卡西林/克拉维酸。头孢吡肟是青霉素的一种潜在替代治疗药物，尤其是在遇到耐青霉素和相对耐青霉素的肺炎链球菌时。强调了使用苯唑西林纸片筛选青霉素耐药性的临床重要性。
