Davidson K W
Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
J Pers. 1993 Dec;61(4):669-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00786.x.
Individual differences in self-other disagreement may tap phenomena that have been notoriously difficult to assess. For example, subjects who believe they possess a trait while their acquaintances disagree may be exhibiting suppression. Further, subjects who deny a trait while acquaintances believe it is present may be displaying repression. In the first study, both subjects and their closest friends rated the subject's hostility level. Suppressors and repressors were expected to exhibit enhanced thought control, and indeed these individuals were more able not to think about white bears when instructed to do so than individuals for whom there was high hostility agreement. However, this was also true for those with low hostility agreement. Only suppressors demonstrated blood-pressure hyperreactivity to a hostility-provoking task as expected; this finding was replicated in a second study employing a different, multi-item measure of hostility, as well as a marker of low Agreeableness.
自我与他人分歧中的个体差异可能涉及到一些 notoriously difficult to assess 的现象。例如，那些认为自己拥有某种特质而其熟人不同意的受试者可能表现出压抑。此外，那些否认某种特质而熟人认为该特质存在的受试者可能表现出压制。在第一项研究中，受试者及其最亲密的朋友对受试者的敌意水平进行了评分。预计压抑者和压制者会表现出更强的思维控制能力，事实上，与那些在敌意方面高度一致的个体相比，这些人在被要求不去想白熊时更有能力做到这一点。然而，对于那些在敌意方面低度一致的人来说也是如此。只有压抑者如预期的那样在一项引发敌意的任务中表现出血压反应过度；这一发现在第二项研究中得到了重复，第二项研究采用了不同的、多项目的敌意测量方法以及低宜人性的一个指标。
