Chaturvedi P, Banerjee K S
Department of Pediatrics, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha.
Indian J Pediatr. 1993 Sep-Oct;60(5):645-53. doi: 10.1007/BF02821727.
In a prospective study of 3000 consecutive deliveries (14 twin deliveries), the rate of congenital malformation was reported to be 27.20 per 1000 births (82 out of 3014). No significant difference was observed in the frequency of congenital malformation in urban rural status, in different religion and caste, and in male female babies. An increase in frequency was seen in advanced maternal age and in primi and fourth gravida mothers. A number of environmental factors studied, such as use of different tooth powders, type of drinking water, different cooking vessels, associated vitamin deficiencies did not seem to influence the prevalence of birth defects significantly. The factors which significantly increased the rate of congenital malformation were consanguinity in parents, heredofamilial history of malformations, presence of hydramnios, maternal febrile illness in first trimester, past history of abortion and history of progesterone intake during pregnancy.
在一项对3000例连续分娩（其中14例为双胎分娩）的前瞻性研究中，先天性畸形发生率据报告为每1000例出生27.20例（3014例中有82例）。在城乡状况、不同宗教和种姓以及男婴和女婴中，先天性畸形的发生率未观察到显著差异。在高龄产妇以及初产妇和四产妇中，发生率有所增加。所研究的一些环境因素，如使用不同的牙粉、饮用水类型、不同的烹饪器具、相关的维生素缺乏，似乎并未对出生缺陷的发生率产生显著影响。显著增加先天性畸形发生率的因素包括父母近亲结婚、畸形的遗传家族史、羊水过多、孕早期母亲发热性疾病、既往流产史以及孕期孕激素摄入史。
