Jakeman P M, Winter E M, Doust J
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
J Sports Sci. 1994 Feb;12(1):33-60. doi: 10.1080/02640419408732157.
The physiology of sport encompasses a wide and diverse range of scientific interests. The intention, and major challenge of the review, is to collate the most pertinent of these interests into a coherent strategy for future research in sports physiology. The unifying concept of this review is the potential contribution of future research in sports physiology to the development of the elite competitor. The review promotes this theme through an indepth appraisal of current knowledge and identification of key areas of research that would most profitably advance the understanding and application of sports physiology. Central to this theme are the physiological limitations to exercise performance of the elite competitor and the adaptation of these physiological systems to further training, possibly leading to overtraining. Indeed, the potential to adapt to, or recover from, the ever increasing demands of training and competition is considered in sections on the development of strength and power, the child athlete and the limitations to performance in multiple sprint activities such as hockey and football. Throughout the review it is recognized that sports physiology is increasingly reliant upon advances in analytical techniques and quantitative measurement. Physiological measurement, the validity and accuracy of present and future procedures, and the correct interpretation of these data are therefore considered in detail in the final section of the review.
运动生理学涵盖了广泛多样的科学研究领域。本综述的目的及主要挑战在于，将这些最相关的研究领域整合为一个连贯的运动生理未来研究策略。本综述的统一理念是运动生理未来研究对精英运动员发展的潜在贡献。该综述通过对当前知识的深入评估以及确定那些能最有效地推进运动生理学理解与应用的关键研究领域，来推动这一主题。这一主题的核心是精英运动员运动表现的生理限制以及这些生理系统对进一步训练的适应情况，这种适应可能导致过度训练。事实上，在关于力量与功率发展、儿童运动员以及曲棍球和足球等多项短跑活动中表现限制的章节里，探讨了适应或从训练和比赛不断增加的需求中恢复的潜力。在整个综述过程中，人们认识到运动生理学越来越依赖分析技术和定量测量的进步。因此，在综述的最后一部分详细讨论了生理测量、当前及未来测量程序的有效性和准确性，以及这些数据的正确解读。
