Mølbak K, Aaby P, Højlyng N, da Silva A P
Epidemiology Research Unit, Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Apr 1;139(7):734-40. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117064.
Cryptosporidium is increasingly recognized as an important agent of diarrhea in normal and immunocompromised humans. In young children in developing countries the parasite is a cause of persistent diarrhea with an associated excess mortality. To elucidate possible determinants of cryptosporidiosis, an open cohort of young children from a semiurban area of the capital of Guinea-Bissau was followed for 2 years. Data about possible risk factors were recorded each month, and a nested case-control study of 125 children with Cryptosporidium diarrhea and an equal number of matched controls was conducted. The following risk factors were identified by conditional multiple logistic regression: keeping of pigs (odds ratio (OR) = 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-4.7) and dogs (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.2) in the household, storage of cooked food for later consumption (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.3), and child's sex (OR for boys = 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.4). Breast feeding was protective (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-1.1). The findings provide clues for interventions against this major cause of childhood diarrhea and give suggestions for further studies.
隐孢子虫越来越被认为是导致正常人和免疫功能低下者腹泻的重要病原体。在发展中国家的幼儿中，这种寄生虫是导致持续性腹泻并伴有额外死亡率的原因。为了阐明隐孢子虫病可能的决定因素，对来自几内亚比绍首都一个半城市地区的一组幼儿进行了为期2年的开放队列研究。每月记录有关可能风险因素的数据，并对125名患隐孢子虫腹泻的儿童和数量相等的匹配对照进行了巢式病例对照研究。通过条件多因素逻辑回归确定了以下风险因素：家中养猪（比值比（OR）=2.5，95%置信区间（CI）1.4 - 4.7）和养狗（OR = 2.1，95% CI 1.0 - 4.2）、储存熟食以供日后食用（OR = 1.8，95% CI 1.0 - 3.3）以及儿童性别（男孩的OR = 1.9，95% CI 1.0 - 3.4）。母乳喂养具有保护作用（OR = 0.3，95% CI 0.1 - 1.1）。这些发现为针对儿童腹泻这一主要病因的干预措施提供了线索，并为进一步研究提供了建议。
