Hemenway D, Solnick S J
Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.
Accid Anal Prev. 1993 Apr;25(2):161-70. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(93)90056-3.
In 1989 the Los Angeles Times conducted a telephone survey of over 1,800 Southern California motorists. We analyzed the data to determine whether personality and demographic characteristics were related to driver behavior. Fourteen percent of drivers were involved in a motor vehicle accident in the previous year, 8% reported driving when they had too much to drink, 20% ran at least one red light in the previous month, and nearly half said they often drove faster than the speed limit. Motorists under 30 years of age are especially likely both to engage in the three risk-taking behaviors and to be involved in a crash, even holding other factors constant. Drivers over 65 years of age take fewer risks, but have the same likelihood of having an accident per mile driven as middle-aged motorists. Surprisingly, drivers with more than a high school education are more likely to both speed and be involved in a crash. Those with fuzzy dice or bumper stickers are not readily distinguishable from other motorists in terms of accidents or risk-taking behaviors. Individuals driving their dream car are somewhat less likely than others to run red lights and drive after drinking. Motorists who made indecent gestures at other drivers, and particularly those who argue with other motorists tend to be unlawful and dangerous drivers. Youth and hostility toward other motorists are two of the most significant and important correlates of bad driving.
1989年,《洛杉矶时报》对1800多名南加州驾车者进行了电话调查。我们分析了数据,以确定性格和人口统计学特征是否与驾驶员行为有关。14%的驾驶员在前一年发生过机动车事故,8%的人报告在饮酒过量时仍开车,20%的人在前一个月至少闯过一次红灯,近一半的人表示他们经常超速驾驶。30岁以下的驾车者尤其有可能同时出现这三种冒险行为并卷入车祸,即使其他因素保持不变。65岁以上的驾驶员冒险行为较少,但每行驶一英里发生事故的可能性与中年驾车者相同。令人惊讶的是,受过高中以上教育的驾驶员更有可能超速并卷入车祸。那些车内挂着绒毛骰子或保险杠贴纸的人在事故或冒险行为方面与其他驾车者没有明显区别。驾驶梦想之车的人闯红灯和酒后驾车的可能性比其他人略低。对其他驾驶员做出不雅手势的驾车者,尤其是那些与其他驾车者争吵的人,往往是违法且危险的驾驶员。年轻和对其他驾车者的敌意是不良驾驶的两个最重要的相关因素。