Hughes-Fulford M
Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Veteran's Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
Receptor. 1993 Fall;3(3):145-54.
Studies from space flights over the past two decades have demonstrated that there are basic physiological changes in humans during space flight. These changes include cephalad fluid shifts, loss of fluid and electrolytes, loss of muscle mass, space motion sickness, anemia, reduced immune response, and loss of calcium and mineralized bone. The cause of most of these manifestations is not known but the general approach has been to investigate systemic and hormonal changes. However, data from the 1973-1974 Skylabs, Spacelab 3 (SL-3), Spacelab D-I (SL-DI), and now the new SLS-1 missions support a more basic biological response to microgravity that may occur at the tissue, cellular, and molecular level. This report summarizes ground-based and SLS-1 experiments that examined the mechanism of loss of red blood cell mass in humans, the loss of bone mass and lowered osteoblast growth under space flight conditions, and loss of immune function in microgravity.
过去二十年的太空飞行研究表明，人类在太空飞行期间会出现一些基本的生理变化。这些变化包括体液向头部转移、体液和电解质流失、肌肉量减少、太空晕动病、贫血、免疫反应降低以及钙和矿化骨流失。这些表现大多的原因尚不清楚，但一般的研究方法是调查全身和激素变化。然而，1973 - 1974年天空实验室、太空实验室3号（SL - 3）、太空实验室D - I号（SL - DI）以及现在新的太空发射系统-1号（SLS - 1）任务的数据支持了一种对微重力更基本的生物学反应，这种反应可能发生在组织、细胞和分子水平。本报告总结了地面和太空发射系统-1号实验，这些实验研究了人类红细胞量减少的机制、太空飞行条件下骨量流失和成骨细胞生长降低以及微重力下免疫功能丧失的情况。
