INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, Campus Santé Innovation, Saint-Étienne, France.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 Mar 21;14(4):229-245. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2018.37.
Space sojourns are challenging for life. The ability of the human body to adapt to these extreme conditions has been noted since the beginning of human space travel. Skeletal alterations that occur during spaceflight are now better understood owing to tools such as dual-energy X-ray densitometry and high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT, and murine models help researchers to understand cellular and matrix changes that occur in bone and that are difficult to measure in humans. However, questions remain with regard to bone adaptation and osteocyte fate, as well as to interactions of the skeleton with fluid shifts towards the head and with the vascular system. Further investigations into the relationships between the musculoskeletal system, energy metabolism and sensory motor acclimatisation are needed. In this regard, an integrated intervention is required that will address multiple systems simultaneously. Importantly, radiation and isolation-related stresses are gaining increased attention as the prospect of human exploration into deep space draws nearer. Although space is a unique environment, clear parallels exist between the effects of spaceflight, periods of immobilization and ageing, with possibly irreversible features. Space travel offers an opportunity to establish integrated deconditioning and ageing interventions that combine nutritional, physical and pharmaceutical strategies.
太空旅行对生命具有挑战性。自人类开始进行太空旅行以来，人们就已经注意到人体适应这些极端环境的能力。由于双能 X 射线吸收法和高分辨率外周定量 CT 等工具的出现，人们现在对太空飞行中发生的骨骼改变有了更好的了解，而鼠类模型有助于研究人员了解在骨骼中发生的、在人体中难以测量的细胞和基质变化。然而，关于骨骼适应和破骨细胞命运，以及骨骼与头部液流转移和血管系统之间的相互作用，仍存在一些问题。需要进一步研究肌肉骨骼系统、能量代谢和感觉运动适应之间的关系。在这方面，需要一种综合干预措施，同时解决多个系统的问题。重要的是，随着人类探索深空的前景越来越近，辐射和隔离相关的压力引起了越来越多的关注。尽管太空是一个独特的环境，但太空飞行、固定不动和衰老的影响之间存在明显的相似之处，可能具有不可逆转的特征。太空旅行提供了一个机会，可以建立综合的去适应和衰老干预措施，将营养、身体和药物策略结合起来。
