Szinovacz M, Harpster P
Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.
J Gerontol. 1994 May;49(3):S125-36. doi: 10.1093/geronj/49.3.s125.
This study investigates how the employment/retirement status of both spouses impinges on each spouse's contributions to traditionally male and female household chores as well as on the couple's division of household labor. Results based on a subsample of the National Survey of Families and Households (N = 672) indicate more complex patterns than those suggested by previous research. Specifically, employment/retirement status effects on housework vary by gender and domain, as well as by wife's work history. Compared to dual-earner couples, retired wives spend more and their husbands less time on "female" chores. Husbands' contributions to "male" tasks are highest if they are retired and their wives employed, and lowest if the husband is employed and the wife retired. Retired husbands of housewives spend more time with both male and female chores than employed husbands of housewives, whereas housewives whose husbands are retired contribute less to female chores than housewives whose husbands are employed.
本研究调查了夫妻双方的就业/退休状况如何影响各自对传统上由男性和女性承担的家务劳动的贡献，以及夫妻之间的家务分工。基于全国家庭调查子样本（N = 672）的结果表明，其模式比先前研究所显示的更为复杂。具体而言，就业/退休状况对家务劳动的影响因性别、领域以及妻子的工作经历而异。与双职工夫妻相比，退休妻子在“女性”家务上花费的时间更多，而她们的丈夫花费的时间更少。如果丈夫退休而妻子就业，丈夫对“男性”任务的贡献最高；如果丈夫就业而妻子退休，其贡献则最低。与有工作的家庭主妇的丈夫相比，家庭主妇的退休丈夫在男性和女性家务上花费的时间更多，而丈夫退休的家庭主妇对女性家务的贡献比丈夫有工作的家庭主妇更少。
